Centre for Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Jul;103(7):1219-28. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301230. Epub 2013 May 16.
We examined whether people moving into a housing development designed according to a state government livable neighborhoods subdivision code engage in more walking than do people who move to other types of developments.
In a natural experiment of 1813 people building homes in 73 new housing developments in Perth, Western Australia, we surveyed participants before and then 12 and 36 months after moving. We measured self-reported walking using the Neighborhood Physical Activity Questionnaire and collected perceptions of the environment and self-selection factors. We calculated objective measures of the built environment using a Geographic Information System.
After relocation, participants in livable versus conventional developments had greater street connectivity, residential density, land use mix, and access to destinations and more positive perceptions of their neighborhood (all P < .05). However, there were no significant differences in walking over time by type of development (P > .05).
Implementation of the Livable Neighborhoods Guidelines produced more supportive environments; however, the level of intervention was insufficient to encourage more walking. Evaluations of new urban planning policies need to incorporate longer term follow-up to allow time for new neighborhoods to develop.
我们考察了根据州政府宜居社区细分法规设计的住房开发项目中居民的步行量是否多于其他类型开发项目中的居民。
在澳大利亚西部珀斯的 73 个新住房开发项目中，对 1813 名居民进行了自然实验，在搬入前、12 个月和 36 个月后对参与者进行了调查。我们使用邻里体育活动问卷测量自我报告的步行量，并收集环境和自我选择因素的认知。我们使用地理信息系统计算了建成环境的客观指标。
与传统开发项目相比，宜居开发项目中的居民具有更好的街道连通性、住宅密度、土地利用混合度、通往目的地的通道以及对邻里环境的更积极认知（均 P <.05）。但是，不同开发类型的步行量随时间变化无显著差异（P >.05）。
宜居社区准则的实施产生了更具支持性的环境；然而，干预的程度不足以鼓励更多的步行。新城市规划政策的评估需要进行更长期的跟踪，以便为新社区的发展留出时间。
