Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, S. W., Code 6900, Washington, DC, 20375, USA.
Mol Diagn Ther. 2013 Oct;17(5):273-86. doi: 10.1007/s40291-013-0040-9.
Influenza viruses cause recurring epidemic outbreaks every year associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research and surveillance efforts to control influenza outbreaks, the primary mitigation treatment for influenza is the development of yearly vaccine mixes targeted for the most prevalent virus strains. Consequently, the focus of many detection technologies has evolved toward accurate identification of subtype and understanding the evolution and molecular determinants of novel and pathogenic forms of influenza. The recent availability of potential antiviral treatments are only effective if rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for influenza epidemic management are available; thus, early detection of influenza infection is still important for prevention, containment, patient management, and infection control. This review discusses the current and emerging technologies for detection and strain identification of influenza virus and their specific gene targets, as well as their implications in patient management.
流感病毒每年都会引发流行疫情，导致高发病率和高死亡率。尽管为控制流感疫情进行了广泛的研究和监测工作，但流感的主要缓解治疗方法仍是针对最常见病毒株开发每年的疫苗组合。因此，许多检测技术的重点已经转向准确识别亚型，并了解新型和致病性流感形式的演变和分子决定因素。只有在有快速、准确的流感诊断测试的情况下，最近出现的潜在抗病毒治疗才会有效；因此，早期发现流感感染对于预防、控制、患者管理和感染控制仍然很重要。这篇综述讨论了流感病毒的检测和菌株鉴定的现有和新兴技术及其特定基因靶点，以及它们对患者管理的影响。
