Program on Global Health and Technology Access, Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 302 Towerview Drive, CB# 90312, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2012 Oct 25;1(1):2. doi: 10.1186/2049-9957-1-2.
Enabling innovation and access to health technologies remains a key strategy in combating infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, a gulf between paying markets and the endemicity of such diseases has contributed to the dearth of R&D in meeting these public health needs. While the pharmaceutical industry views emerging economies as potential new markets, most of the world's poorest bottom billion now reside in middle-income countries--a fact that has complicated tiered access arrangements. However, product development partnerships--particularly those involving academic institutions and small firms--find commercial opportunities in pursuing even neglected diseases; and a growing pharmaceutical sector in BRICS countries offers hope for an indigenous base of innovation. Such innovation will be shaped by 1) access to building blocks of knowledge; 2) strategic use of intellectual property and innovative financing to meet public health goals; 3) collaborative norms of open innovation; and 4) alternative business models, some with a double bottom line. Facing such resource constraints, LMICs are poised to develop a new, more resource-effective model of innovation that holds exciting promise in meeting the needs of global health.
推动创新和获取卫生技术仍然是应对中低收入国家（LMICs）传染病的关键战略。然而，支付市场与这些疾病的地方性之间的差距导致研发不足，无法满足这些公共卫生需求。虽然制药行业将新兴经济体视为潜在的新市场，但世界上最贫穷的底层十亿人现在居住在中等收入国家，这一事实使分层准入安排变得复杂。然而，产品开发伙伴关系——特别是那些涉及学术机构和小型企业的伙伴关系——在追求甚至被忽视的疾病方面发现了商业机会；金砖国家不断增长的制药部门为创新的本土基础带来了希望。这种创新将受到以下因素的影响：1）获取知识的组成部分；2）战略性地利用知识产权和创新融资来实现公共卫生目标；3）开放创新的合作规范；4）替代商业模式，其中一些具有双重底线。面对这些资源限制，中低收入国家准备开发一种新的、更具资源效益的创新模式，为满足全球卫生需求带来了令人兴奋的前景。
