J Pers Disord. 2013 Oct;27(5):625-35. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2013.27.5.625.
Although the current diagnostic manual conceptualizes personality disorders (PDs) as categorical entities, an alternative perspective is that PDs represent maladaptive extreme versions of the same traits that describe normal personality. Existing evidence indicates that normal personality traits, such as those assessed by the five-factor model (FFM), share a common structure and obtain reasonably predictable correlations with the PDs. However, very little research has investigated whether PDs are more extreme than normal personality traits. Utilizing item-response theory analyses, the authors of the current study extend previous research to demonstrate that the diagnostic criterion for borderline personality disorder and FFM neuroticism could be fit along a single latent dimension. Furthermore, the authors' findings indicate that the borderline criteria assessed the shared latent trait at a level that was more extreme (d = 1.11) than FFM neuroticism. This finding provides further evidence for dimensional understanding of personality pathology and suggests that a trait model in DSM-5 should span normal and abnormal personality functioning, but focus on the extremes of these common traits.
尽管当前的诊断手册将人格障碍（PD）概念化为分类实体，但另一种观点认为，PD 代表了描述正常人格的相同特征的适应不良的极端版本。现有证据表明，正常人格特征，如五因素模型（FFM）所评估的特征，具有共同的结构，并与 PD 获得相当可预测的相关性。然而，很少有研究调查 PD 是否比正常人格特征更为极端。利用项目反应理论分析，本研究的作者扩展了先前的研究，证明边缘型人格障碍的诊断标准和 FFM 神经质可以沿着单一潜在维度拟合。此外，作者的发现表明，边缘型人格障碍的标准评估的共享潜在特征的极端程度（d=1.11）高于 FFM 神经质。这一发现为人格病理学的维度理解提供了进一步的证据，并表明 DSM-5 中的特质模型应该涵盖正常和异常的人格功能，但侧重于这些共同特质的极端。
