氯氟氰菊酯和氯菊酯混合物处理过的蚊帐控制了西非对拟除虫菊酯有抗性的冈比亚按蚊和致倦库蚊。
Mosquito nets treated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin control pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in West Africa.
机构信息
Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou, Cotonou, Benin ; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ; Pan-African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), London, United Kingdom.
Department of Entomology and Wildlife, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 3;9(2):e87710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087710. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
The effectiveness of insecticide treated nets is under threat across Africa south of the Sahara from the selection of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. To maintain progress against malaria it is necessary to identify alternative residual insecticides for mosquito nets. Mixtures of pyrethroid and insecticides with novel mode of action provide scope for both improved control and management of resistance through concurrent exposure to unrelated insecticides.
METHODS
The pyrrole chlorfenapyr and the pyrethroid alphacypermethrin were tested individually and as a mixture on mosquito nets in an experimental hut trial in southern Benin against pyrethroid resistant An gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The nets were deliberately holed to simulate the effect of wear and tear.
RESULTS
The nets treated with the mixture of chlorfenapyr 200 mg/m² and alphacypermethrin 25 mg/m² killed a proportion of An gambiae (77%, 95%CI: 66-86%) significantly greater than nets treated with alphacypermethrin 25 mg/m(2) (30%, 95%CI: 21-41%) but not significantly different from nets treated with chlorfenapyr 200 mg/m² (69%, 95%CI: 57-78%). The nets treated with the mixtures procured personal protection against An gambiae biting(58-62%) by a greater margin than the alphacypermethrin treated net (39%), whereas the chlorfenapyr treated net was not protective. A similar trend in mortality and blood feeding inhibition between treatments was observed in Cx quinquefasciatus to that seen in An. gambiae, although the effects were lower. A mixture of alphacypermethrin with chlorfenapyr applied at 100 mg/m² had an effect similar to the mixture with chlorfenapyr at 200 mg/m².
CONCLUSION
The effectiveness of ITNs against pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes was restored by the mixture: the alphacypermethrin component reduced human-vector contact while the chlorfenapyr controlled pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. The complementary action of these unrelated insecticides demonstrates that the combination on nets has potential for preventing malaria transmission in areas compromised by the spread of pyrethroid resistance.
背景
在撒哈拉以南非洲，冈比亚按蚊对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性导致经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐的效果受到威胁。为了保持对抗疟疾的进展，有必要为蚊帐找到替代的残留杀虫剂。拟除虫菊酯和具有新型作用模式的杀虫剂混合物不仅为通过同时接触不相关的杀虫剂来改善控制和管理抗药性提供了机会。
方法
在贝宁南部的一个实验棚中，单独测试和以混合物形式测试吡咯氯芬那 Pyrrole Chlorfenapyr 和拟除虫菊酯 Alpha-cypermethrin 对耐拟除虫菊酯的冈比亚按蚊和库蚊的蚊帐的效果。故意在蚊帐上打孔以模拟磨损的效果。
结果
用氯芬那 Pyrrole Chlorfenapyr 200mg/m²和 Alpha-cypermethrin 25mg/m² 处理的蚊帐杀死的冈比亚按蚊比例显著高于用 Alpha-cypermethrin 25mg/m² 处理的蚊帐（77%，95%CI：66-86%），但与用氯芬那 Pyrrole Chlorfenapyr 200mg/m² 处理的蚊帐（69%，95%CI：57-78%）无显著差异。混合物处理的蚊帐提供了比 Alpha-cypermethrin 处理的蚊帐更大的个人保护（58-62%），以防止冈比亚按蚊叮咬，而氯芬那 Pyrrole 处理的蚊帐则没有保护作用。在库蚊中观察到与冈比亚按蚊相似的死亡率和血液摄食抑制趋势，尽管效果较低。用 100mg/m² Alpha-cypermethrin 与氯芬那 Pyrrole 混合的效果与用 200mg/m² 氯芬那 Pyrrole 混合的效果相似。
结论
拟除虫菊酯抗性蚊虫对 ITN 的效果通过混合物得到恢复：Alpha-cypermethrin 成分减少了人与媒介的接触，而氯芬那 Pyrrole 控制了耐拟除虫菊酯的蚊虫。这些不相关杀虫剂的互补作用表明，该混合物在网面上具有防止疟疾传播的潜力，因为该地区已经受到拟除虫菊酯抗性的影响。
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