School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Room 5-05, 5/F, William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
Int J Behav Med. 2014 Aug;21(4):646-52. doi: 10.1007/s12529-014-9389-3.
With China's rapid economic growth in the past few decades, there is currently an emerging focus on happiness. Cross-cultural validity studies have indicated that the four-item Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) has high internal consistency and stable reliability. However, the psychometric characteristics of the SHS in broader Chinese community samples are unknown.
We evaluated the factor structure and psychometric properties of the SHS in the Hong Kong general population.
The Chinese SHS was derived using forward-backward translation. Of the Cantonese-speaking participants aged ≥15 years, 2,635 were randomly selected from the random sample component of the FAMILY Cohort, a territory-wide cohort study in Hong Kong. In addition to the SHS, a single-item overall happiness scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve (APGAR) scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item short-form version 2 (SF-12) mental and physical health scales were administered.
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single factor with high loadings for the four SHS items. Multiple group analyses indicated factor invariance across sex and age groups. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82, and 2-week test-retest reliability (n = 191) was 0.70. The SHS correlated significantly with single-item overall happiness (Spearman's rho [ρ] = 0.57), Family APGAR (ρ = 0.26), PHQ-9 (ρ = -0.34), and mental health-related quality of life (ρ = 0.40) but showed a lower correlation with physical health (ρ = 0.15). A regression model that included the PHQ-9 and Family APGAR scores explained 37% of the variance in SF-12 mental health scores; adding the SHS raised the variance explained to 41 %.
Our results support the reliability and validity of the SHS as a relevant component in the measurement battery for mental well-being in a Chinese general population.
过去几十年，随着中国经济的快速增长，人们对幸福的关注度日益提升。跨文化研究表明，四分量表主观幸福感量表（SHS）具有较高的内部一致性和稳定的可靠性。然而，该量表在更广泛的中国人群样本中的心理测量特性尚不清楚。
我们评估了 SHS 在香港普通人群中的因子结构和心理测量特性。
采用正向-反向翻译法得出中文 SHS。在年龄≥15 岁的粤语使用者中，从香港全港范围队列研究家庭队列的随机样本部分随机抽取了 2635 人。除了 SHS，还使用了一个整体幸福感单度量表、患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）、家庭适应、合作、成长、亲情、解决问题（APGAR）量表以及医疗结局研究 12 项短式健康调查问卷 2.0 版（SF-12）的心理健康和生理健康量表进行评估。
探索性和验证性因子分析支持四分量表 SHS 具有高负荷的单一因子。多组分析表明，性别和年龄组之间的因子不变。克朗巴赫 α 系数为 0.82，2 周重测信度（n=191）为 0.70。SHS 与单度量表整体幸福感（Spearman's rho [ρ]为 0.57）、家庭 APGAR（ρ为 0.26）、PHQ-9（ρ为-0.34）和心理健康相关的生活质量（ρ为 0.40）显著相关，但与生理健康的相关性较低（ρ为 0.15）。一个包含 PHQ-9 和家庭 APGAR 评分的回归模型解释了 SF-12 心理健康评分变异的 37%；加入 SHS 后，解释的变异增加到 41%。
我们的结果支持 SHS 作为一个相关组成部分，用于测量中国普通人群心理健康的可靠性和有效性。
