Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Velescu E, Roperto F, Borzacchiello G
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Feb;63(1):14-23. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12222. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are small DNA tumoral viruses able to induce benign cutaneous and/or mucosal epithelial lesions. Generally, the benign tumours affecting the skin or mucosa spontaneously regress, but under special circumstances, the defence system may be overwhelmed, thus leading to cancer, especially in the presence of immunosuppressant and mutagen agents from bracken fern. To date, thirteen different BPV genotypes have been associated with skin and mucosal tumours in cattle, and out of these, only four types (BPV-1, -2, -5 and -13) cross-infect other species. Recent investigations in vivo have revealed new insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this viral infection. This review briefly discusses viral epidemiology, will give data on BPV genome structure and viral genes and will describe the cellular events and new aspects of both cutaneous and mucosal tumours in large ruminants. Finally, some aspects of active immunization will be described.
牛乳头瘤病毒（BPVs）是一种小型DNA肿瘤病毒，能够诱发良性皮肤和/或黏膜上皮病变。一般来说，影响皮肤或黏膜的良性肿瘤会自发消退，但在特殊情况下，免疫系统可能不堪重负，从而引发癌症，尤其是在存在来自蕨类植物的免疫抑制剂和诱变剂的情况下。迄今为止，已有13种不同的BPV基因型与牛的皮肤和黏膜肿瘤相关，其中只有四种类型（BPV-1、-2、-5和-13）可交叉感染其他物种。最近的体内研究揭示了这种病毒感染的流行病学和发病机制的新见解。本综述简要讨论病毒流行病学，给出BPV基因组结构和病毒基因的数据，并描述大型反刍动物皮肤和黏膜肿瘤的细胞事件及新情况。最后，将描述主动免疫的一些方面。
