School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Thromb Res. 2014 May;133 Suppl 1(0 1):S21-4. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.03.012.
HIV infected patients are at increased risk for venous and arterial thromboembolic events. Multiple markers related to inflammation (IL-6, TNFrI, C-reative protein) and coagulation (tissue factor expression, FVIII, thrombin, fibrinogen and D-dimer levels) are increased in HIV infection, and several are predictive of thrombotic risk and mortality in HIV disease. The mechanisms behind the risk for abnormal coagulation in HIV infection have not been fully elucidated, but may be related to a chronic immune activation and inflammatory state in both untreated and treated HIV infection. The contribution of traditional risk factors, including smoking and dyslipidemia, overly represented in HIV infected patients, must also be considered when assessing thrombotic risk in this setting. Currently, several interventional studies are aimed at reducing inflammation and cardiovascular risk in HIV disease and may provide insights into the determinants of clotting events in HIV infected patients.
HIV 感染患者发生静脉和动脉血栓栓塞事件的风险增加。HIV 感染患者中多种与炎症（IL-6、TNFrI、C 反应蛋白）和凝血（组织因子表达、FVIII、凝血酶、纤维蛋白原和 D-二聚体水平）相关的标志物增加，其中一些标志物可预测 HIV 疾病中的血栓形成风险和死亡率。HIV 感染中异常凝血风险的背后机制尚未完全阐明，但可能与未经治疗和治疗的 HIV 感染中的慢性免疫激活和炎症状态有关。在评估这种情况下的血栓形成风险时，还必须考虑到传统危险因素（包括吸烟和血脂异常）的影响，这些因素在 HIV 感染患者中过度存在。目前，有几项干预研究旨在降低 HIV 疾病中的炎症和心血管风险，这可能为了解 HIV 感染患者血栓形成事件的决定因素提供思路。
