Amaro-Ortiz Alexandra, Yan Betty, D'Orazio John A
The Graduate Center for Toxicology, the Markey Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Molecules. 2014 May 15;19(5):6202-19. doi: 10.3390/molecules19056202.
Being the largest and most visible organ of the body and heavily influenced by environmental factors, skin is ideal to study the long-term effects of aging. Throughout our lifetime, we accumulate damage generated by UV radiation. UV causes inflammation, immune changes, physical changes, impaired wound healing and DNA damage that promotes cellular senescence and carcinogenesis. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and among the malignancies of highest increasing incidence over the last several decades. Melanoma incidence is directly related to age, with highest rates in individuals over the age of 55 years, making it a clear age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on UV-induced carcinogenesis and photo aging along with natural protective mechanisms that reduce amount of "realized" solar radiation dose and UV-induced injury. We will focus on the theoretical use of forskolin, a plant-derived pharmacologically active compound to protect the skin against UV injury and prevent aging symptoms by up-regulating melanin production. We will discuss its use as a topically-applied root-derived formulation of the Plectranthus barbatus (Coleus forskolii) plant that grows naturally in Asia and that has long been used in various Aryuvedic teas and therapeutic preparations.
皮肤作为人体最大且最易被观察到的器官，受环境因素影响极大，是研究衰老长期影响的理想对象。在我们的一生中，会累积紫外线辐射产生的损伤。紫外线会引发炎症、免疫变化、物理变化、伤口愈合受损以及DNA损伤，进而促进细胞衰老和致癌作用。黑色素瘤是最致命的皮肤癌形式，也是过去几十年中发病率上升最快的恶性肿瘤之一。黑色素瘤发病率与年龄直接相关，55岁以上人群发病率最高，这使其成为一种明确的与年龄相关的疾病。在本综述中，我们将重点关注紫外线诱导的致癌作用和光老化，以及减少“实际”太阳辐射剂量和紫外线诱导损伤的天然保护机制。我们将重点探讨毛喉素的理论用途，毛喉素是一种植物来源的药理活性化合物，可通过上调黑色素生成来保护皮肤免受紫外线损伤并预防衰老症状。我们将讨论其作为一种局部应用的源自亚洲自然生长的毛喉鞘蕊花（彩叶草）植物根部的制剂的用途，这种植物长期以来一直用于各种阿育吠陀茶和治疗制剂中。
