Taguchi Masashige, Ptitsyn Andre, McLamore Eric S, Claussen Jonathan C
Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, USA.
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014 Mar;8(2):403-411. doi: 10.1177/1932296814522799. Epub 2014 Mar 2.
Real-time monitoring of physiological glucose transport is crucial for gaining new understanding of diabetes. Many techniques and equipment currently exist for measuring glucose, but these techniques are limited by complexity of the measurement, requirement of bulky equipment, and low temporal/spatial resolution. The development of various types of biosensors (eg, electrochemical, optical sensors) for laboratory and/or clinical applications will provide new insights into the cause(s) and possible treatments of diabetes. State-of-the-art biosensors are improved by incorporating catalytic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, electrospun nanofibers, and quantum dots. These nanomaterials greatly enhance biosensor performance, namely sensitivity, response time, and limit of detection. A wide range of new biosensors that incorporate nanomaterials such as lab-on-chip and nanosensor devices are currently being developed for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing. These real-time monitoring tools represent a powerful diagnostic and monitoring tool for measuring glucose in diabetes research and point of care diagnostics. However, concerns over the possible toxicity of some nanomaterials limit the application of these devices for in vivo sensing. This review provides a general overview of the state of the art in nanomaterial-mediated biosensors for in vivo and in vitro glucose sensing, and discusses some of the challenges associated with nanomaterial toxicity.
实时监测生理性葡萄糖转运对于深入了解糖尿病至关重要。目前有许多测量葡萄糖的技术和设备，但这些技术受到测量复杂性、设备体积庞大以及时间/空间分辨率低的限制。用于实验室和/或临床应用的各种类型生物传感器（如电化学、光学传感器）的开发将为糖尿病的病因和可能的治疗方法提供新的见解。通过纳入催化纳米材料，如碳纳米管、石墨烯、电纺纳米纤维和量子点，可改进最先进的生物传感器。这些纳米材料极大地提高了生物传感器的性能，即灵敏度、响应时间和检测限。目前正在开发各种新型生物传感器，如芯片实验室和纳米传感器设备，它们纳入了纳米材料，用于体内和体外葡萄糖传感。这些实时监测工具是糖尿病研究和即时护理诊断中测量葡萄糖的强大诊断和监测工具。然而，对某些纳米材料可能毒性的担忧限制了这些设备在体内传感中的应用。本文综述了用于体内和体外葡萄糖传感的纳米材料介导生物传感器的现状，并讨论了与纳米材料毒性相关的一些挑战。
