Abdullah Zeinab, Knolle Percy A
Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Molecular Immunology (IMI), Technische Universität München, München, Germany
EMBO J. 2014 Oct 16;33(20):2283-94. doi: 10.15252/embj.201489055. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
Macrophages detect bacterial infection through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) localized at the cell surface, in intracellular vesicles or in the cytosol. Discrimination of viable and virulent bacteria from non-virulent bacteria (dead or viable) is necessary to appropriately scale the anti-bacterial immune response. Such scaling of anti-bacterial immunity is necessary to control the infection, but also to avoid immunopathology or bacterial persistence. PRR-mediated detection of bacterial constituents in the cytosol rather than at the cell surface along with cytosolic recognition of secreted bacterial nucleic acids indicates viability and virulence of infecting bacteria. The effector responses triggered by activation of cytosolic PRRs, in particular the RIG-I-induced simultaneous rapid type I IFN induction and inflammasome activation, are crucial for timely control of bacterial infection by innate and adaptive immunity. The knowledge on the PRRs and the effector responses relevant for control of infection with intracellular bacteria will help to develop strategies to overcome chronic infection.
巨噬细胞通过位于细胞表面、细胞内囊泡或细胞质中的模式识别受体（PRR）来检测细菌感染。区分活的、有毒力的细菌与无毒力的细菌（死菌或活菌）对于适当调节抗菌免疫反应是必要的。这种抗菌免疫的调节对于控制感染是必要的，同时也是为了避免免疫病理或细菌持续存在。PRR介导的对细胞质中而非细胞表面细菌成分的检测，以及对分泌的细菌核酸的细胞质识别，表明了感染细菌的活力和毒力。由细胞质PRR激活引发的效应反应，特别是RIG-I诱导的同时快速诱导I型干扰素和激活炎性小体，对于先天免疫和适应性免疫及时控制细菌感染至关重要。关于PRR以及与控制细胞内细菌感染相关的效应反应的知识，将有助于制定克服慢性感染的策略。
