Kanojiya Dharmendra, Shanker Daya, Sudan Vikrant, Jaiswal Amit Kumar, Parashar Rahul
Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, U. P Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
Parasitol Res. 2015 Jan;114(1):141-8. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-4169-1. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
The rapid development of anthelminthic resistance has limited the success of traditional control programmes in several countries, thereby forcing the researchers to search for alternatives. In vitro anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were investigated against the egg and larvae of naturally infected sheep. In the phytochemical analyses, tannins and flavonoids were the main metabolites identified in the extract. The aqueous extract of E. globulus was also investigated for in vivo anthelmintic activity in naturally infected sheep. The various blood parameters, coupled with effects on marker enzymes and antioxidant status, were evaluated during the trial period. Methanolic extract showed better ED50 (3.756 mg/ml) and ED99 (33.809 mg/ml) values in comparison with aqueous extract (ED50 = 1.502 and ED99 = 7.10 mg/ml) in the egg hatch assay. Inverse was true in larval development and larval paralysis tests. The aqueous extract's ED50 = 19.994 and ED99 = 108.931 mg/ml values in the larval development test and ED50 = 19.994 and ED99 = 108.931 mg/ml in the larval paralysis test were more potent than those of its methanolic counterpart with ED50 = 15.595 and ED99 = 94.493 mg/ml and ED50 = 15.595 and ED99 = 94.493 mg/ml, respectively. A significant amount of 66% faecal egg count reduction was observed in in vivo trail using the aqueous extract on day 21 post treatment, although in initial stages it showed 58.0 and 80% effectiveness on days 7 and 14 post treatment. Though the FCER reduction was somewhat lower in terms of comparison with albendazole, nevertheless, significant and prolong reduction was noticed. No deleterious ill effect was found in any of the haematological and biochemical parameters suggesting that the plant could be safer for use in sheep. Though significant changes were observed in SGPT, RBCs, Hb and RDWc levels, other parameters showed nonsignificant variations within the normal range in the stipulated time of of herbal trial period. Based on the results of the present study, it could be very well concluded that leaves of E. globulus possess good level of anthelminthic efficacy; further research is thereby warranted before recommending it for use in nematode control programme in ovines.
驱虫抗性的快速发展限制了一些国家传统防控计划的成效，这迫使研究人员寻找替代方法。对蓝桉树叶的粗水提取物和水醇提取物针对自然感染绵羊的虫卵和幼虫的体外驱虫活性进行了研究。在植物化学分析中，单宁和黄酮类化合物是提取物中鉴定出的主要代谢物。还对蓝桉的水提取物在自然感染绵羊中的体内驱虫活性进行了研究。在试验期间评估了各种血液参数以及对标记酶和抗氧化状态的影响。在虫卵孵化试验中，甲醇提取物显示出比水提取物更好的半数有效剂量（ED50 = 3.756毫克/毫升）和99%有效剂量（ED99 = 33.809毫克/毫升）值（水提取物的ED50 = 1.502，ED99 = 7.10毫克/毫升）。在幼虫发育和幼虫麻痹试验中情况则相反。在幼虫发育试验中，水提取物的ED50 = 19.994和ED99 = 108.931毫克/毫升的值以及在幼虫麻痹试验中ED50 = 19.994和ED99 = 108.931毫克/毫升的值比其甲醇提取物更有效，甲醇提取物的相应值分别为ED50 = 15.595和ED99 = 94.493毫克/毫升以及ED50 = 15.595和ED99 = 94.493毫克/毫升。在治疗后第21天使用水提取物进行的体内试验中，观察到粪便虫卵计数显著减少了66%，尽管在初始阶段，在治疗后第7天和第14天显示出58.0%和80%的有效性。虽然与阿苯达唑相比，粪便虫卵计数减少率略低，但仍观察到显著且持续的减少。在任何血液学和生化参数中均未发现有害的不良影响，这表明该植物对绵羊使用可能更安全。虽然谷丙转氨酶、红细胞、血红蛋白和红细胞分布宽度变异系数水平有显著变化，但在草药试验规定时间内，其他参数在正常范围内显示无显著差异。基于本研究结果，可以很好地得出结论，蓝桉树叶具有良好水平的驱虫功效；因此，在推荐其用于绵羊线虫防控计划之前，有必要进行进一步研究。
