Wauquier Nadia, Bangura James, Moses Lina, Humarr Khan Sheik, Coomber Moinya, Lungay Victor, Gbakie Michael, Sesay Mohammed S K, Gassama Ibrahim A K, Massally James L B, Gbakima Aiah, Squire James, Lamin Mohamed, Kanneh Lansana, Yillah Mohammed, Kargbo Kandeh, Roberts Willie, Vandi Mohammed, Kargbo David, Vincent Tom, Jambai Amara, Guttieri Mary, Fair Joseph, Souris Marc, Gonzalez Jean Paul
Sorbonne Université, UPMC, Paris, France.
Metabiota Inc., Freetown, Sierra Leone.
PLoS Curr. 2015 Apr 20;7:ecurrents.outbreaks.9a6530ab7bb9096b34143230ab01cdef. doi: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.9a6530ab7bb9096b34143230ab01cdef.
Since Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) was first identified in 1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, and despite the numerous outbreaks recorded to date, rarely has an epidemic origin been identified. Indeed, among the twenty-one most documented EVD outbreaks in Africa, an index case has been identified four times, and hypothesized in only two other instances. The initial steps of emergence and spread of a virus are critical in the development of a potential outbreak and need to be thoroughly dissected and understood in order to improve on preventative strategies. In the current West African outbreak of EVD, a unique index case has been identified, pinpointing the geographical origin of the epidemic in Guinea. Herein, we provide an accounting of events that serve as the footprint of EVD emergence in Sierra Leone and a road map for risk mitigation fueled by lessons learned.
自1976年埃博拉病毒病（EVD）在现今的刚果民主共和国首次被发现以来，尽管迄今已有众多疫情记录，但疫情源头却很少被查明。事实上，在非洲有记录的21次最严重的埃博拉病毒病疫情中，仅4次确定了首例病例，另外仅有两例进行了推测。病毒出现和传播的初始阶段对于潜在疫情的发展至关重要，为改进预防策略，需要对其进行全面剖析和理解。在当前西非埃博拉病毒病疫情中，已确定了一个独特的首例病例，明确了几内亚为此次疫情的地理起源地。在此，我们阐述了一系列事件，这些事件构成了埃博拉病毒病在塞拉利昂出现的轨迹，并根据所吸取的经验教训提供了一个减轻风险的路线图。
