Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) , Leuven , Belgium ; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) , Leuven , Belgium.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) , Leuven , Belgium.
Front Nutr. 2015 Mar 4;2:5. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00005. eCollection 2015.
The consumption of fructose has increased tremendously over the last five decades, which is to a large extent due to the development of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), a commercial sugar additive that contains high amounts of free fructose. HFCS is often added to processed food and beverages partly because it is a powerful sweetener but even more so because the production is cheap. Although fructose in combination with fiber, vitamins, and minerals, as present in fruits, is a healthy source of energy, isolated fructose, in processed food products has been associated with several health disorders such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Apart from its metabolic consequences, a growing body of literature suggests that free fructose can also affect neuronal systems. High-fructose intake may on the one hand affect central appetite regulation by altering specific components of the endocannabinoid system. On the other hand, it appears to impact on cognitive function by affecting phosphorylation levels of insulin receptor, synapsin 1, and synaptophysin. The present report reviews the recent evidence showing a negative effect of free fructose consumption on central appetite control, as well as cognitive function.
在过去的五十年里，果糖的消耗量大大增加，这在很大程度上是由于高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS）的发展，这是一种商业糖添加剂，含有大量的游离果糖。HFCS 经常被添加到加工食品和饮料中，部分原因是它是一种强大的甜味剂，但更重要的是因为它的生产成本低廉。尽管与纤维、维生素和矿物质结合存在于水果中的果糖是一种健康的能量来源，但在加工食品中，游离果糖与多种健康障碍有关，如胰岛素抵抗和高血压。除了其代谢后果外，越来越多的文献表明，游离果糖也会影响神经元系统。一方面，高果糖的摄入可能通过改变内源性大麻素系统的特定成分来影响中枢食欲调节。另一方面，它似乎通过影响胰岛素受体、突触素 1 和突触小体蛋白的磷酸化水平来影响认知功能。本报告综述了最近的证据，表明游离果糖的摄入对中枢食欲控制和认知功能有负面影响。
