Olsen Cecilie Fromholt, Telenius Elisabeth Wiken, Engedal Knut, Bergland Astrid
Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, 0130, Norway.
Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, 0130, Norway.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Sep 14;15:379. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-1041-7.
There has been increasing interest in the use of non-pharmacological interventions, such as physical exercise, to improve the well-being of nursing home residents with dementia. For reasons regarding disease symptoms, persons with dementia might find it difficult to participate in exercise programs. Therefore, it is important to find ways to successfully promote regular exercise for patients in residential care. Several quantitative studies have established the positive effects of exercise on biopsychosocial factors, such as self-efficacy in older people; however, little is known regarding the qualitative aspects of participating in an exercise program among older people with dementia. From the perspective of residents, we explored the experiences of participating in a high-intensity functional exercise program among nursing home residents with dementia.
The participants were eight elderly people with mild-to-moderate dementia. We conducted semi-structured interviews one week after they had finished a 10-week supervised high-intensity exercise program. We analyzed the data using an inductive content analysis.
Five overreaching and interrelated themes emerged from the interviews: "Pushing the limits," "Being invested in," "Relationships facilitate exercise participation," "Exercise revives the body, increases independence and improves self-esteem" and "Physical activity is a basic human necessity--use it or lose it!" The results were interpreted in light of Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The exercise program seemed to improve self-efficacy through several mechanisms. By being involved, "being invested in" and having something expected of them, the participants gained a sense of empowerment in their everyday lives. The importance of social influences related to the exercise instructor and the exercise group was accentuated by the participants.
The nursing home residents had, for the most part, positive experiences with regard to participating in the exercise program. The program seemed to increase their self-efficacy through several mechanisms. The instructor competence emerged as an important facilitating factor. The participants emphasized the importance of physical activity in the nursing home.
人们越来越关注使用非药物干预措施，如体育锻炼，来改善患有痴呆症的养老院居民的健康状况。由于疾病症状的原因，痴呆症患者可能会发现参与锻炼计划很困难。因此，找到成功促进住院护理患者定期锻炼的方法很重要。几项定量研究已经证实了锻炼对生物心理社会因素的积极影响，比如老年人的自我效能感；然而，对于患有痴呆症的老年人参与锻炼计划的定性方面却知之甚少。从居民的角度出发，我们探讨了患有痴呆症的养老院居民参与高强度功能性锻炼计划的体验。
参与者是八名患有轻度至中度痴呆症的老年人。在他们完成为期10周的有监督的高强度锻炼计划一周后，我们进行了半结构化访谈。我们使用归纳性内容分析法对数据进行了分析。
访谈中出现了五个总体且相互关联的主题：“挑战极限”“全身心投入”“人际关系促进锻炼参与”“锻炼使身体恢复活力、增强独立性并提高自尊”以及“身体活动是人类的基本需求——用进废退！”研究结果根据班杜拉的自我效能理论进行了解释。锻炼计划似乎通过多种机制提高了自我效能感。通过参与、“全身心投入”以及对他们有期望，参与者在日常生活中获得了一种掌控感。参与者强调了与锻炼教练和锻炼小组相关的社会影响的重要性。
养老院居民在很大程度上对参与锻炼计划有积极的体验。该计划似乎通过多种机制提高了他们的自我效能感。教练的能力成为一个重要的促进因素。参与者强调了养老院中身体活动的重要性。
