Semenkovich Clay F, Danska Jayne, Darsow Tamara, Dunne Jessica L, Huttenhower Curtis, Insel Richard A, McElvaine Allison T, Ratner Robert E, Shuldiner Alan R, Blaser Martin J
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Diabetes. 2015 Dec;64(12):3967-77. doi: 10.2337/db15-0597. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
From 27-29 October 2014, more than 100 people gathered in Chicago, IL, to participate in a research symposium titled "Diabetes and the Microbiome," jointly sponsored by the American Diabetes Association and JDRF. The conference brought together international scholars and trainees from multiple disciplines, including microbiology, bioinformatics, endocrinology, metabolism, and immunology, to share the current understanding of host-microbe interactions and their influences on diabetes and metabolism. Notably, this gathering was the first to assemble specialists with distinct expertise in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, immunology, and microbiology with the goal of discussing and defining potential pathophysiologies linking the microbiome and diabetes. In addition to reviewing existing evidence in the field, speakers presented their own original research to provide a comprehensive view of the current understanding of the topics under discussion.Presentations and discussions throughout the conference reflected a number of important concepts. The microbiota in any host represent a complex ecosystem with a high degree of interindividual variability. Different microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, occupy separate niches in and on the human body. Individually and collectively, these microbes provide benefits to the host-including nutrient harvest from food and protection against pathogens. They are dynamically regulated by both host genes and the environment, and they critically influence both physiology and lifelong health. The objective of the symposium was to discuss the relationship between the host and the microbiome-the combination of microbiota and their biomolecular environment and ecology-specifically with regard to metabolic and immunological systems and to define the critical research needed to understand and potentially target the microbiome in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. In this report, we present meeting highlights in the following areas: 1) relationships between diabetes and the microbiome, 2) bioinformatic tools, resources, and study design considerations, 3) microbial programming of the immune system, 4) the microbiome and energy balance, 5) interventions, and 6) limitations, unanswered questions, and resource and policy needs.
2014年10月27日至29日，100多人齐聚伊利诺伊州芝加哥市，参加由美国糖尿病协会和青少年糖尿病研究基金会联合主办的题为“糖尿病与微生物群”的研究研讨会。会议汇聚了来自微生物学、生物信息学、内分泌学、代谢学和免疫学等多个学科的国际学者和学员，以分享对宿主-微生物相互作用及其对糖尿病和代谢影响的当前认识。值得注意的是，这次会议首次召集了在1型糖尿病、2型糖尿病、免疫学和微生物学方面具有独特专业知识的专家，旨在讨论和确定将微生物群与糖尿病联系起来的潜在病理生理学。除了回顾该领域的现有证据外，发言者还展示了他们自己的原创研究，以全面呈现对所讨论主题的当前理解。会议期间的演讲和讨论反映了一些重要概念。任何宿主中的微生物群代表一个具有高度个体间变异性的复杂生态系统。由细菌、古菌、病毒和真菌组成的不同微生物群落占据人体内外不同的生态位。这些微生物个体和集体地为宿主提供益处，包括从食物中获取营养和抵御病原体。它们受到宿主基因和环境的动态调节，并对生理学和终身健康产生关键影响。研讨会的目的是讨论宿主与微生物群（微生物群及其生物分子环境和生态的组合）之间的关系，特别是关于代谢和免疫系统，并确定在糖尿病的预防和治疗中理解和潜在靶向微生物群所需的关键研究。在本报告中，我们展示了以下领域的会议亮点：1）糖尿病与微生物群之间的关系，2）生物信息学工具、资源和研究设计考虑因素，3）免疫系统的微生物编程，4）微生物群与能量平衡，5）干预措施，以及6）局限性、未解决的问题以及资源和政策需求。
