Stavrou Nektarios A M, Psychountaki Maria, Georgiadis Emmanouil, Karteroliotis Konstantinos, Zervas Yannis
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece ; Sport Psychology Department, Hellenic Sports Research Institute, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens Spyros Louis College of Sports Sciences Maroussi, Greece.
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece.
Front Psychol. 2015 Oct 9;6:1499. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01499. eCollection 2015.
The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between flow experience and goal orientation theory, as well as, the differences in flow experience based on the orthogonal model of goal orientation theory. Two hundred and seventy eight athletes completed the Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire based on how they usually feel. The challenge and skills ratings were completed 1 h before the competition, based on how they felt at the exact time of answering. In the following, the Flow State Scale-2 was completed up to 30 min after the competition they just participated, along with the challenge-skill ratings, based on how athletes felt during the competition. The results indicated that the athletes' task orientation may be an important factor for attaining flow in competitive sport, feeling more skillful and estimating the upcoming competition as challenging, while low ego and low task oriented athletes lack these elements, which are important for them to get into flow. Additionally, not the level of task and ego orientation per se, but the balance between athletes' goal orientation preferences seems important for the formation of flow experience, indicating that high task - high ego and high task - low ego athletes are experiencing the most positive mental state.
本研究的主要目的是检验心流体验与目标定向理论之间的关系，以及基于目标定向理论的正交模型的心流体验差异。278名运动员根据他们通常的感受完成了任务定向和自我定向运动问卷。挑战和技能评分在比赛前1小时完成，依据他们在回答问题时的感受。随后，在他们刚参加完比赛后的30分钟内，运动员完成了心流状态量表-2，同时根据他们在比赛中的感受完成挑战-技能评分。结果表明，运动员的任务定向可能是在竞技运动中获得心流的一个重要因素，感觉更有技巧，并将即将到来的比赛视为具有挑战性，而低自我定向和低任务定向的运动员缺乏这些要素，这些要素对他们进入心流状态很重要。此外，对于心流体验的形成而言，重要的似乎不是任务定向和自我定向本身的水平，而是运动员目标定向偏好之间的平衡，这表明高任务-高自我定向和高任务-低自我定向的运动员正经历着最积极的心理状态。
