Hettenhausen Christian, Sun Guiling, He Yanbiao, Zhuang Huifu, Sun Ting, Qi Jinfeng, Wu Jianqiang
Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 6;6:18973. doi: 10.1038/srep18973.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are plant-specific calcium sensors that play important roles in various aspects of plant physiology. Here, we investigated phylogenic relationships, chromosomal locations, gene structures, and tissue-specific, herbivory- and drought-induced expression profiles of soybean (Glycine max) GmCDPKs. Fifty GmCDPK genes were identified, which phylogenetically grouped into 4 distinct clusters and distributed across 13 sub-clusters. Individual classes of GmCDPKs harbor highly conserved mRNA splicing sites, and their exon numbers and lengths were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships, suggesting that at least 13 ancestral CDPK genes had emerged before the split of monocots and eudicots. Gene expression analysis indicated that several GmCDPKs were tissue-specific expressed. GmCDPKs' transcript levels changed after wounding, exhibited specific expression patterns after simulated Spodoptera exigua feeding or soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) herbivory, and were largely independent of the phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. The most pronounced transcriptional responses were detected after drought and abscisic acid treatments with more than half of all GmCDPKs being upregulated, suggesting their important roles during abiotic stress responses in soybean. Our data provide an important foundation for further functional dissection of GmCDPKs, especially in the context of soybean-insect interactions and drought stress adaptation.
钙依赖蛋白激酶（CDPKs）是植物特有的钙传感器，在植物生理学的各个方面发挥着重要作用。在此，我们研究了大豆（Glycine max）GmCDPKs的系统发育关系、染色体定位、基因结构以及组织特异性、食草和干旱诱导的表达谱。共鉴定出50个GmCDPK基因，它们在系统发育上分为4个不同的簇，并分布在13个亚簇中。不同类别的GmCDPKs具有高度保守的mRNA剪接位点，其外显子数量和长度与系统发育关系一致，这表明至少13个祖先CDPK基因在单子叶植物和双子叶植物分化之前就已出现。基因表达分析表明，几个GmCDPKs具有组织特异性表达。受伤后GmCDPKs的转录水平发生变化，在模拟甜菜夜蛾取食或大豆蚜（Aphis glycines）取食后呈现特定的表达模式，并且在很大程度上独立于茉莉酸和水杨酸等植物激素。在干旱和脱落酸处理后检测到最明显的转录反应，超过一半的GmCDPKs被上调，这表明它们在大豆非生物胁迫反应中发挥重要作用。我们的数据为进一步功能解析GmCDPKs提供了重要基础，特别是在大豆与昆虫相互作用和干旱胁迫适应的背景下。
