Lorenz Timo, Frischling Cora, Cuadros Raphael, Heinitz Kathrin
Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2016 Jan 14;11(1):e0147040. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147040. eCollection 2016.
The aim of this study was to discover how individuals with autism succeed in entering the job market. We therefore sought to identify expected and occurred barriers, keeping them from taking up and staying in employment as well as to identify the solutions used to overcome these barriers. Sixty-six employed individuals with autism--17 of them with autism-specific employment--participated in an online survey. Results showed a variety of possible barriers. Individuals in autism-specific employment named formality problems--problems with organizational and practical process-related aspects of the job entry--most frequently while individuals in non-autism-specific employment mentioned social problems--obstacles concerning communication and human interaction--most. In terms of solutions, both groups used their own resources as much as external help, but differed in their specific strategies. In addition, correlations of an autism-specific employment with general and occupational self-efficacy as well as life and job satisfaction were examined. Possible implications of the results are discussed with regard to problem solving behavior and the use of strengths.
本研究的目的是探究自闭症患者如何成功进入就业市场。因此，我们试图找出预期和实际出现的障碍，这些障碍使他们难以获得并维持工作，同时确定用于克服这些障碍的解决办法。66名受雇的自闭症患者——其中17人从事与自闭症相关的特定工作——参与了一项在线调查。结果显示了各种可能的障碍。从事与自闭症相关特定工作的人最常提到形式问题——与入职的组织和实际流程相关的问题，而从事非自闭症相关特定工作的人则最常提到社交问题——与沟通和人际互动有关的障碍。在解决办法方面，两组都尽可能多地利用自身资源以及外部帮助，但在具体策略上有所不同。此外，还研究了与自闭症相关的特定工作与一般自我效能感、职业自我效能感以及生活和工作满意度之间的相关性。针对问题解决行为和优势利用，讨论了研究结果可能产生的影响。
