Kang Eunchai, Wen Zhexing, Song Hongjun, Christian Kimberly M, Ming Guo-Li
Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016 Sep 1;8(9):a019026. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019026.
Psychiatric disorders continue to be among the most challenging disorders to diagnose and treat because there is no single genetic or anatomical locus that is causative for the disease. Current treatments are often blunt tools used to ameliorate the most severe symptoms, at the risk of disrupting functional neural systems. There is a critical need to develop new therapeutic strategies that can target circumscribed functional or anatomical domains of pathology. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be one such domain. Here, we review the evidence suggesting that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a role in emotional regulation and forms of learning and memory that include temporal and spatial memory encoding and context discrimination, and that its dysregulation is associated with psychiatric disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Further, adult neurogenesis has proven to be an effective model to investigate basic processes of neuronal development and converging evidence suggests that aberrant neural development may be an etiological factor, even in late-onset diseases. Constitutive neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the mature brain reflects large-scale plasticity unique to this region and could be a potential hub for modulation of a subset of cognitive and affective behaviors that are affected by multiple psychiatric disorders.
精神疾病仍然是最难诊断和治疗的疾病之一，因为没有单一的基因或解剖位点是导致该疾病的原因。目前的治疗方法往往是用于缓解最严重症状的粗略手段，存在破坏功能性神经系统的风险。迫切需要开发能够针对病理学特定功能或解剖区域的新治疗策略。成体海马神经发生可能就是这样一个区域。在这里，我们回顾了相关证据，这些证据表明成体海马神经发生在情绪调节以及包括时间和空间记忆编码及情境辨别在内的学习和记忆形式中发挥作用，并且其失调与精神疾病有关，如情感障碍、精神分裂症和药物成瘾。此外，成体神经发生已被证明是研究神经元发育基本过程的有效模型，越来越多的证据表明，即使在晚发性疾病中，异常的神经发育也可能是一个病因。成熟大脑海马体中的组成性神经发生反映了该区域独特的大规模可塑性，并且可能是调节受多种精神疾病影响的一部分认知和情感行为的潜在枢纽。
