a Institute of Oenology and Agro-Food Engineering , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Piacenza , Italy.
b DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan , Italy.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016 Jul;33(7):1116-26. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1191320. Epub 2016 Jun 13.
Skin powders and aqueous alcohol extracts were obtained from waste marcs from different grape varieties (Barbera, Nebbiolo, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Moscato and Müller-Thurgau). Both skins and extracts were analysed for the content of chemical contaminants: ochratoxin A (OTA), biogenic amines (BIAs), pesticides and metals. OTA was detected in low concentrations in Barbera, Moscato and Nebbiolo skins, but only in Barbera and Moscato extracts. Cadaverine, putrescine, ethanolamine and ethylamine were found in extracts at very low levels, while potential allergenic amines, tyramine and histamine, were never detected. Different pesticides were present in both skins and extracts. Pb and Cd were found in trace only in the powders, and K, Ca and Mg were the most abundant elements in both skin powders and extracts. Concentrations of the different contaminants were related to fibre content or total phenolics content of powders and extracts, respectively, in order to evaluate their use in the food sector.
从不同葡萄品种（巴贝拉、内比奥罗、黑皮诺、霞多丽、麝香和米勒-图高）的废料中提取了皮肤粉末和含水酒精提取物。对皮和提取物中的化学污染物含量进行了分析：赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）、生物胺（BIAs）、农药和金属。在巴贝拉、麝香和内比奥罗皮中检测到低浓度的 OTA，但仅在巴贝拉和麝香提取物中检测到。在提取物中发现了腐胺、尸胺、乙醇胺和乙胺，含量非常低，而潜在的过敏原胺——酪胺和组氨酸从未被检测到。不同的农药存在于皮和提取物中。在粉末中仅发现痕量的 Pb 和 Cd，K、Ca 和 Mg 是皮粉和提取物中含量最丰富的元素。为了评估它们在食品领域的用途，分别根据粉末和提取物的纤维含量或总酚含量来确定不同污染物的浓度。
