Bennett Lesley, Waterer Grant
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016 Aug;37(4):631-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584792. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
New viral respiratory pathogens are emerging with increasing frequency and have potentially devastating impacts on the population worldwide. Recent examples of newly emerged threats include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Experiences with these pathogens have shown up major deficiencies in how we deal globally with emerging pathogens and taught us salient lessons in what needs to be addressed for future pandemics. This article reviews the lessons learnt from past experience and current knowledge on the range of measures required to limit the impact of emerging respiratory infections from public health responses down to individual patient management. Key areas of interest are surveillance programs, political limitations on our ability to respond quickly enough to emerging threats, media management, public information dissemination, infection control, prophylaxis, and individual patient management. Respiratory physicians have a crucial role to play in many of these areas and need to be aware of how to respond as new viral pathogens emerge.
新型病毒性呼吸道病原体正日益频繁地出现，并对全球人口构成潜在的毁灭性影响。近期新出现的威胁包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒、2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行以及中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒。应对这些病原体的经历凸显了我们在全球应对新出现病原体方面的重大不足，并为我们应对未来大流行所需解决的问题提供了重要经验教训。本文回顾了从过去经验中吸取的教训以及当前关于限制新出现的呼吸道感染影响所需一系列措施的知识，这些措施涵盖从公共卫生应对到个体患者管理。关注的关键领域包括监测项目、我们对新出现威胁做出足够快速反应能力的政治限制、媒体管理、公共信息传播、感染控制、预防以及个体患者管理。呼吸内科医生在其中许多领域都起着关键作用，并且需要了解在新的病毒病原体出现时如何做出应对。
