Arno Anna, Smith Alexandra H, Blit Patrick H, Shehab Mohammed Al, Gauglitz Gerd G, Jeschke Marc G
Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2011 Oct 21;4(10):1355-1380. doi: 10.3390/ph4101355.
Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising new approach in almost every medicine specialty. This vast, heterogeneous family of cells are now both naturally (embryonic and adult stem cells) or artificially obtained (induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs) and their fates have become increasingly controllable, thanks to ongoing research in this passionate new field. We are at the beginning of a new era in medicine, with multiple applications for stem cell therapy, not only as a monotherapy, but also as an adjunct to other strategies, such as organ transplantation or standard drug treatment. Regrettably, serious preclinical concerns remain and differentiation, cell fusion, senescence and signalling crosstalk with growth factors and biomaterials are still challenges for this promising multidisciplinary therapeutic modality. Severe burns have several indications for stem cell therapy, including enhancement of wound healing, replacement of damaged skin and perfect skin regeneration - incorporating skin appendages and reduced fibrosis -, as well as systemic effects, such as inflammation, hypermetabolism and immunosuppression. The aim of this review is to describe well established characteristics of stem cells and to delineate new advances in the stem cell field, in the context of burn injury and wound healing.
干细胞疗法已成为几乎每个医学专科中一种很有前景的新方法。这个庞大且异质的细胞家族现在既可以天然获得（胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞），也可以人工获取（诱导多能干细胞或iPS细胞），并且由于在这个充满活力的新领域的不断研究，它们的命运变得越来越可控。我们正处在医学新时代的开端，干细胞疗法有多种应用，不仅可作为单一疗法，还可作为其他策略（如器官移植或标准药物治疗）的辅助手段。遗憾的是，严重的临床前问题依然存在，细胞分化、细胞融合、衰老以及与生长因子和生物材料的信号串扰仍是这种有前景的多学科治疗方式面临的挑战。严重烧伤有多个干细胞治疗指征，包括促进伤口愈合、替代受损皮肤以及实现完美的皮肤再生（包括皮肤附属器并减少纤维化），还有全身效应，如炎症、高代谢和免疫抑制。本综述的目的是在烧伤和伤口愈合的背景下，描述干细胞已确立的特征，并阐述干细胞领域的新进展。
