Zwickel Theresa, Kahl Sandra M, Klaffke Horst, Rychlik Michael, Müller Marina E H
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str 8-10, Berlin 10589, Germany.
Technische Universität München, Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Alte Akademie 10, Freising 85354, Germany.
Toxins (Basel). 2016 Nov 19;8(11):344. doi: 10.3390/toxins8110344.
is a genus of widespread fungi capable of producing numerous, possibly health-endangering toxins (ATs), which are usually not the focus of attention. The formation of ATs depends on the species and complex interactions of various environmental factors and is not fully understood. In this study the influence of temperature (7 °C, 25 °C), substrate (rice, wheat kernels) and incubation time (4, 7, and 14 days) on the production of thirteen ATs and three sulfoconjugated ATs by three different isolates from the species groups and was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantification. Under nearly all conditions, tenuazonic acid was the most extensively produced toxin. At 25 °C and with increasing incubation time all toxins were formed in high amounts by the two strains on both substrates with comparable mycotoxin profiles. However, for some of the toxins, stagnation or a decrease in production was observed from day 7 to 14. As opposed to the strains, the strain only produced low amounts of ATs, but high concentrations of stemphyltoxin III. The results provide an essential insight into the quantitative in vitro AT formation under different environmental conditions, potentially transferable to different field and storage conditions.
是一类广泛分布的真菌，能够产生多种可能危害健康的毒素（ATs），而这些毒素通常并非关注焦点。ATs的形成取决于物种以及各种环境因素的复杂相互作用，目前尚未完全明晰。在本研究中，测定了温度（7℃、25℃）、底物（大米、小麦粒）和培养时间（4天、7天和14天）对来自物种组和的三种不同分离株产生13种ATs和3种硫酸共轭ATs的影响。采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行定量分析。几乎在所有条件下，细交链孢菌酮酸都是产生最为广泛的毒素。在25℃且随着培养时间增加，两种菌株在两种底物上均大量形成所有毒素，且霉菌毒素谱相似。然而，对于某些毒素，从第7天到第14天观察到产量停滞或下降。与菌株不同，菌株仅产生少量ATs，但茎点霉毒素III浓度较高。这些结果为不同环境条件下体外AT形成的定量研究提供了重要见解，可能适用于不同的田间和储存条件。
