婴儿肠道微生物组成的演变：来自 IN-FANTMET 队列的从出生到 24 周的研究。
Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET Cohort.
机构信息
School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
出版信息
Microbiome. 2017 Jan 17;5(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40168-016-0213-y.
BACKGROUND
The gut is the most extensively studied niche of the human microbiome. The aim of this study was to characterise the initial gut microbiota development of a cohort of breastfed infants (n = 192) from 1 to 24 weeks of age.
METHODS
V4-V5 region 16S rRNA amplicon Illumina sequencing and, in parallel, bacteriological culture. The metabolomic profile of infant urine at 4 weeks of age was also examined by LC-MS.
RESULTS
Full-term (FT), spontaneous vaginally delivered (SVD) infants' microbiota remained stable at both phylum and genus levels during the 24-week period examined. FT Caesarean section (CS) infants displayed an increased faecal abundance of Firmicutes (p < 0.01) and lower abundance of Actinobacteria (p < 0.001) after the first week of life compared to FT-SVD infants. FT-CS infants gradually progressed to harbouring a microbiota closely resembling FT-SVD (which remained stable) by week 8 of life, which was maintained at week 24. The gut microbiota of preterm (PT) infants displayed a significantly greater abundance of Proteobacteria compared to FT infants (p < 0.001) at week 1. Metabolomic analysis of urine at week 4 indicated PT-CS infants have a functionally different metabolite profile than FT (both CS and SVD) infants. Co-inertia analysis showed co-variation between the urine metabolome and the faecal microbiota of the infants. Tryptophan and tyrosine metabolic pathways, as well as fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, were found to be affected by delivery mode and gestational age.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings confirm that mode of delivery and gestational age both have significant effects on early neonatal microbiota composition. There is also a significant difference between the metabolite profile of FT and PT infants. Prolonged breastfeeding was shown to have a significant effect on the microbiota composition of FT-CS infants at 24 weeks of age, but interestingly not on that of FT-SVD infants. Twins had more similar microbiota to one another than between two random infants, reflecting the influence of similarities in both host genetics and the environment on the microbiota..
背景
肠道是人类微生物组中研究最多的生态位。本研究旨在描述 192 名母乳喂养婴儿（1 至 24 周龄）的肠道微生物群最初的发展情况。
方法
采用 V4-V5 区 16S rRNA 扩增子 Illumina 测序，并平行进行细菌培养。还通过 LC-MS 检测了 4 周龄婴儿尿液的代谢组学特征。
结果
足月（FT）、自然阴道分娩（SVD）婴儿的微生物群在 24 周的研究期间在门和属水平上保持稳定。与 FT-SVD 婴儿相比，FT 剖宫产（CS）婴儿在生命的第一周后粪便中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的丰度增加（p<0.01），放线菌门（Actinobacteria）的丰度降低（p<0.001）。FT-CS 婴儿逐渐获得与 FT-SVD 婴儿（保持稳定）相似的微生物群，这一状态维持到第 24 周。与 FT 婴儿相比，早产儿（PT）婴儿的肠道微生物群在第 1 周时的变形菌门（Proteobacteria）丰度显著增加（p<0.001）。第 4 周时尿液的代谢组学分析表明，PT-CS 婴儿的代谢产物谱与 FT（CS 和 SVD）婴儿的代谢产物谱不同。共惯性分析显示尿液代谢组和婴儿粪便微生物群之间存在共变。发现色氨酸和酪氨酸代谢途径以及脂肪酸和胆汁酸代谢受到分娩方式和胎龄的影响。
结论
这些发现证实，分娩方式和胎龄都对新生儿早期微生物群组成有显著影响。FT 和 PT 婴儿的代谢产物谱也存在显著差异。在 24 周时，延长母乳喂养对 FT-CS 婴儿的微生物群组成有显著影响，但对 FT-SVD 婴儿的影响并不显著。双胞胎彼此之间的微生物群更相似，而不是与两个随机婴儿之间的微生物群更相似，这反映了宿主遗传和环境的相似性对微生物群的影响。
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