Moran Jason J, Sandercock Gavin R H, Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo, Meylan César M P, Collison Jay A, Parry Dave A
1Center for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom;2Department of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile; and3Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, Canada.
J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Feb;31(2):552-565. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001444.
Moran, J, Sandercock, GRH, Ramírez-Campillo, R, Meylan, CMP, Collison, J, and Parry, DA. Age-related variation in male youth athletes' countermovement jump after plyometric training: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 552-565, 2017-Recent debate on the trainability of youths has focused on the existence of periods of accelerated adaptation to training. Accordingly, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify the age- and maturation-related pattern of adaptive responses to plyometric training in youth athletes. Thirty effect sizes were calculated from the data of 21 sources with studies qualifying based on the following criteria: (a) healthy male athletes who were engaged in organized sport; (b) groups of participants with a mean age between 10 and 18 years; and (c) plyometric-training intervention duration between 4 and 16 weeks. Standardized mean differences showed plyometric training to be moderately effective in increasing countermovement jump (CMJ) height (Effect size = 0.73 95% confidence interval: 0.47-0.99) across PRE-, MID-, and POST-peak height velocity groups. Adaptive responses were of greater magnitude between the mean ages of 10 and 12.99 years (PRE) (ES = 0.91 95% confidence interval: 0.47-1.36) and 16 and 18 years (POST) (ES = 1.02 [0.52-1.53]). The magnitude of adaptation to plyometric training between the mean ages of 13 and 15.99 years (MID) was lower (ES = 0.47 [0.16-0.77]), despite greater training exposure. Power performance as measured by CMJ may be mediated by biological maturation. Coaches could manipulate training volume and modality during periods of lowered response to maximize performance.
莫兰，J；桑德科克，GRH；拉米雷斯 - 坎皮略，R；梅兰，CMP；科利森，J；以及帕里，DA。体能训练后男性青年运动员反向纵跳的年龄相关变化：对照试验的荟萃分析。《力量与体能研究杂志》31(2)：552 - 565，2017年 - 近期关于青少年训练适应性的争论聚焦于是否存在训练加速适应期。因此，本荟萃分析的目的是确定青少年运动员对体能训练适应性反应的年龄和成熟度相关模式。从21项研究的数据中计算出30个效应量，这些研究符合以下标准：(a) 参与有组织运动的健康男性运动员；(b) 平均年龄在10至18岁之间的参与者群体；(c) 体能训练干预持续时间在4至16周之间。标准化均数差显示，在身高增长速度峰值前、中、后组中，体能训练在增加反向纵跳（CMJ）高度方面有中等效果（效应量 = 0.73，95%置信区间：0.47 - 0.99）。在平均年龄10至12.99岁（身高增长速度峰值前）（效应量 = 0.91，95%置信区间：0.47 - 1.36）和16至18岁（身高增长速度峰值后）（效应量 = 1.02 [0.52 - 1.53]）之间，适应性反应的幅度更大。尽管训练时间更长，但在平均年龄13至15.99岁（身高增长速度峰值中）时，对体能训练的适应幅度较低（效应量 = 0.47 [0.16 - 0.77]）。通过CMJ测量的功率表现可能受生物成熟度的影响。教练可以在反应降低的时期调整训练量和方式，以最大限度提高表现。
