Brewin Chris R, Andrews Bernice
University College London London UK.
Royal Holloway, University of London London UK.
Appl Cogn Psychol. 2017 Jan-Feb;31(1):2-23. doi: 10.1002/acp.3220. Epub 2016 Apr 8.
Using a framework that distinguishes autobiographical belief, recollective experience, and confidence in memory, we review three major paradigms used to suggest false childhood events to adults: imagination inflation, false feedback and memory implantation. Imagination inflation and false feedback studies increase the belief that a suggested event occurred by a small amount such that events are still thought unlikely to have happened. In memory implantation studies, some recollective experience for the suggested events is induced on average in 47% of participants, but only in 15% are these experiences likely to be rated as full memories. We conclude that susceptibility to false memories of childhood events appears more limited than has been suggested. The data emphasise the complex judgements involved in distinguishing real from imaginary recollections and caution against accepting investigator-based ratings as necessarily corresponding to participants' self-reports. Recommendations are made for presenting the results of these studies in courtroom settings.
我们运用一个区分自传性信念、回忆体验和记忆信心的框架，回顾了用于向成年人暗示虚假童年事件的三种主要范式：想象膨胀、错误反馈和记忆植入。想象膨胀和错误反馈研究使人们对所暗示事件发生的信念略有增加，以至于人们仍然认为这些事件不太可能发生。在记忆植入研究中，平均有47%的参与者被诱导产生了对所暗示事件的一些回忆体验，但只有15%的这些体验可能被评为完整记忆。我们得出结论，对童年事件虚假记忆的易感性似乎比之前认为的更有限。数据强调了区分真实与想象回忆所涉及的复杂判断，并告诫不要将基于研究者的评级必然等同于参与者的自我报告。针对在法庭环境中呈现这些研究结果提出了建议。
