Braga Heitor O, Azeiteiro Ulisses M, Oliveira Henrique M F, Pardal Miguel A
Centre for Functional Ecology - CFE, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Caixa Postal 250, 70040-020, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2017 May 5;13(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13002-017-0154-y.
European sardines are an important fishing resource in the North Atlantic. Recognized for its great commercial and economic value in southern Europe, this resource currently has low stock indices. From this perspective, fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) is appreciated as an auxiliary tool in the management of sardines in this region. Our goal is to evaluate the LEK and attitudes towards the conservation of Sardina pilchardus in the typical fishing village of Peniche, Portugal.
From June to September 2016, we carried out 87 semi-structured interviews. The four main points of the interviews were interviewee profile, fishing structure, fishermen's LEK and attitudes towards sardine conservation. The interviews were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using a 3-point Likert scale. An LEK index and an attitude index were generated. Comparison analyses and correlations were made between the indices and variables of the interviewee profile and the fishing structure.
The mean LEK index was 0.55 and was classified as moderate. The attitudes index in relation to conservation was 0.76 and was classified as positive. This index had a positive and significant correlation with the LEK index and a significant negative correlation with the fishermen's age. When the LEK index was compared with the educational level, significant differences were observed only between class A and class C. The result showed that the differences in the attitudes index were statistically significant when the three educational classes were compared.
The fishermen of Peniche in Portugal present moderate informal knowledge about the biology and ecology of sardines. Attitudes towards conservation were predominantly positive. Fishermen with greater LEK, with a higher educational level and at a younger age presented more positive attitudes in relation to environmental conservation issues in the present case of the sardine population. The LEK is not necessarily related to the educational level of the fishermen. We suggest environmental education programs for the communities that depend on this resource. The use of LEK and fishermen's perceptions can help in the management of the European sardine fishery in Portugal.
欧洲沙丁鱼是北大西洋一种重要的渔业资源。这种资源在南欧因其巨大的商业和经济价值而闻名，但目前其种群数量指标较低。从这个角度来看，渔民的当地生态知识（LEK）被视为该地区沙丁鱼管理的一种辅助工具。我们的目标是评估葡萄牙佩尼切典型渔村渔民的当地生态知识以及对沙丁鱼保护的态度。
2016年6月至9月，我们进行了87次半结构化访谈。访谈的四个主要要点是受访者概况、渔业结构、渔民的当地生态知识以及对沙丁鱼保护的态度。访谈采用3级李克特量表进行定性和定量分析。生成了一个当地生态知识指数和一个态度指数。对指数与受访者概况和渔业结构的变量进行了比较分析和相关性分析。
当地生态知识指数的平均值为0.55，被归类为中等。与保护相关的态度指数为0.76，被归类为积极。该指数与当地生态知识指数呈显著正相关，与渔民年龄呈显著负相关。当将当地生态知识指数与教育水平进行比较时，仅在A类和C类之间观察到显著差异。结果表明，比较三个教育类别时，态度指数的差异具有统计学意义。
葡萄牙佩尼切的渔民对沙丁鱼的生物学和生态学具有中等程度的非正式知识。对保护的态度主要是积极的。在当前沙丁鱼种群的情况下，具有更多当地生态知识、更高教育水平且年龄较小的渔民对环境保护问题表现出更积极的态度。当地生态知识不一定与渔民的教育水平相关。我们建议为依赖这种资源的社区开展环境教育项目。利用当地生态知识和渔民的认知有助于葡萄牙欧洲沙丁鱼渔业的管理。
