Schröter Matthias, Albert Christian, Marques Alexandra, Tobon Wolke, Lavorel Sandra, Maes Joachim, Brown Claire, Klotz Stefan, Bonn Aletta
Matthias Schröter (
Bioscience. 2016 Oct 1;66(10):813-828. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biw101. Epub 2016 Aug 17.
National ecosystem assessments form an essential knowledge base for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze eight European (sub-)national ecosystem assessments (Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain, Norway, Flanders, Netherlands, Finland, and Germany) and compare their objectives, political context, methods, and operationalization. We observed remarkable differences in breadth of the assessment, methods employed, variety of services considered, policy mandates, and funding mechanisms. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are mainly assessed independently, with biodiversity conceptualized as underpinning services, as a source of conflict with services, or as a service in itself. Recommendations derived from our analysis for future ecosystem assessments include the needs to improve the common evidence base, to advance the mapping of services, to consider international flows of services, and to connect more strongly to policy questions. Although the context specificity of national ecosystem assessments is acknowledged as important, a greater harmonization across assessments could help to better inform common European policies and future pan-regional assessments.
国家生态系统评估是保护生物多样性和生态系统服务的重要知识基础。我们分析了八项欧洲国家（或地区）级生态系统评估（葡萄牙、英国、西班牙、挪威、佛兰德、荷兰、芬兰和德国），并比较了它们的目标、政治背景、方法和实施情况。我们观察到在评估范围、采用的方法、考虑的服务种类、政策授权和资金机制方面存在显著差异。生物多样性和生态系统服务主要是独立评估的，生物多样性被概念化为支撑服务、与服务产生冲突的根源或其本身就是一种服务。我们分析得出的对未来生态系统评估的建议包括需要改进共同的证据基础、推进服务映射、考虑服务的国际流动以及更紧密地联系政策问题。尽管国家生态系统评估的背景特殊性被认为很重要，但评估之间更大程度的协调有助于更好地为欧洲共同政策和未来泛区域评估提供信息。
