Sheikh Zeeshan, Hamdan Nader, Ikeda Yuichi, Grynpas Marc, Ganss Bernhard, Glogauer Michael
Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Room 221, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada.
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde St, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada.
Biomater Res. 2017 Jun 5;21:9. doi: 10.1186/s40824-017-0095-5. eCollection 2017.
Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have been several clinical techniques and material options that been investigated for periodontal defect repair/regeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantly improved the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barrier membranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. The available bone tissue replacement materials commonly used include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. These graft materials mostly function as osteogenic, osteoinductive and/or osteoconductive scaffolds. Polymers (natural and synthetic) are more widely used as a barrier material in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) applications. They work on the principle of epithelial cell exclusion to allow periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells to repopulate the defect before the normally faster epithelial cells. However, in an attempt to overcome complications related to the epithelial down-growth and/or collapse of the non-rigid barrier membrane and to maintain space, clinicians commonly use a combination of membranes with hard tissue grafts. This article aims to review various available natural tissues and biomaterial based bone replacement graft and membrane options used in periodontal regeneration applications.
牙周病是根据牙周组织的破坏情况进行分类的。多年来，已经有多种临床技术和材料可供研究用于牙周缺损的修复/再生。用于牙周组织工程的改良生物材料的发展显著改善了现有的治疗选择及其临床效果。骨替代移植材料、屏障膜、各种生长因子以及它们的组合都已被使用。常用的骨组织替代材料包括自体移植物、同种异体移植物、异种移植物和人工合成材料。这些移植材料大多起到成骨、骨诱导和/或骨传导支架的作用。聚合物（天然和合成的）在引导组织再生（GTR）和引导骨再生（GBR）应用中作为屏障材料被更广泛地使用。它们基于上皮细胞排斥的原理，使牙周韧带和牙槽骨细胞在通常更快生长的上皮细胞之前重新填充缺损部位。然而，为了克服与上皮向下生长和/或非刚性屏障膜塌陷相关的并发症并维持空间，临床医生通常将膜与硬组织移植物联合使用。本文旨在综述用于牙周再生应用的各种天然组织和基于生物材料的骨替代移植材料及膜的选择。
