Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
Stem Cell Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
Inflamm Res. 2017 Sep;66(9):739-751. doi: 10.1007/s00011-017-1060-4. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
The immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of cardiomyocytes and leads to the exposure of danger-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the immune system to initiate inflammation.
At the initial stage of post-MI inflammation, the immune system further damages cardiac tissue to clear cell debris. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells and the inability of the anti-oxidant system to neutralize ROS cause oxidative stress that further aggravates inflammation. On the other hand, the cells of both innate and adaptive immune system and their secreted factors are critically instrumental in the very dynamic and complex processes of regulating inflammation and mediating cardiac repair.
It is important to decipher the balance between detrimental and beneficial effects of the immune system in MI. This enables us to identify better therapeutic targets for reducing the infarct size, sustaining the cardiac function, and minimizing the likelihood of heart failure. This review discusses the role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in cardiac tissue damage and repair in experimental models of MI.
免疫系统在心肌梗死后（MI）炎症的发生、发展和消退中起着至关重要的作用。心肌细胞缺氧和营养物质的缺乏会导致其死亡，并暴露出被免疫系统识别的危险相关分子模式，从而引发炎症。
在 MI 后炎症的初始阶段，免疫系统会进一步损害心脏组织以清除细胞碎片。免疫细胞产生的大量活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化系统无法中和 ROS 会导致氧化应激，从而进一步加重炎症。另一方面，固有和适应性免疫系统的细胞及其分泌的因子在调节炎症和介导心脏修复的非常动态和复杂过程中起着至关重要的作用。
解析免疫系统在 MI 中的有害和有益作用之间的平衡非常重要。这使我们能够确定更好的治疗靶点，以减少梗死面积、维持心脏功能并最大程度地减少心力衰竭的可能性。这篇综述讨论了固有和适应性免疫系统在 MI 实验模型中心肌组织损伤和修复中的作用。
