Albright Thomas D
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 25;114(30):7758-7764. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1706891114.
Eyewitness identifications play an important role in the investigation and prosecution of crimes, but it is well known that eyewitnesses make mistakes, often with serious consequences. In light of these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences recently convened a panel of experts to undertake a comprehensive study of current practice and use of eyewitness testimony, with an eye toward understanding why identification errors occur and what can be done to prevent them. The work of this committee led to key findings and recommendations for reform, detailed in a consensus report entitled In this review, I focus on the scientific issues that emerged from this study, along with brief discussions of how these issues led to specific recommendations for additional research, best practices for law enforcement, and use of eyewitness evidence by the courts.
目击者指认在犯罪调查和起诉中发挥着重要作用，但众所周知，目击者会犯错，而且往往会造成严重后果。鉴于这些担忧，美国国家科学院最近召集了一个专家小组，对目击者证词的当前实践和使用情况进行全面研究，旨在了解为何会出现指认错误以及如何预防这些错误。该委员会的工作产生了关键的调查结果和改革建议，这些内容在一份题为《[报告名称未给出]》的共识报告中有详细阐述。在本综述中，我将重点关注这项研究中出现的科学问题，并简要讨论这些问题如何促成了关于进一步研究的具体建议、执法的最佳实践以及法院对目击者证据的使用。
