Bornstein Marc H
Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Suite 8030, 6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Jun;15:195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.020. Epub 2017 Apr 18.
Massive population transfers are common today. To understand how immigrants negotiate variation and adjustment as they settle in a new culture, researchers have explored acculturation, the changes that individuals and groups undergo as a result of contact with a culture not their own. Parents have crucial roles to play in acculturation. Parenting is instantiated in cognitions and practices, and cognitions and practices of parents are multifaceted and influenced by many factors, including parents' own individual characteristics, their children, and their cultural experiences. This article describes, evaluates, and illustrates two unique research designs that are used today to study acculturation of parenting cognitions and practices. In one design, parenting in acculturating cultures in the same culture of destination are compared; in the second design, parents in a culture of origin, parents from that culture of origin acculturating to a new culture, and parents in that culture of destination are compared. Acculturation is one of the most prominent individual-difference constructs in contemporary psychology, and understanding parents' cognitions and practices is fundamental to understanding parenting and acculturation.
大规模人口迁移如今很常见。为了了解移民在融入新文化时如何应对差异与调整，研究人员探讨了文化适应，即个人和群体因接触非自身文化而经历的变化。父母在文化适应中起着至关重要的作用。育儿体现在认知和实践中，而父母的认知和实践是多方面的，受到许多因素的影响，包括父母自身的个人特征、他们的孩子以及他们的文化经历。本文描述、评估并举例说明了如今用于研究育儿认知和实践文化适应的两种独特研究设计。在一种设计中，比较了在同一目的地文化中处于文化适应过程中的育儿情况；在第二种设计中，比较了原籍文化中的父母、从该原籍文化融入新文化的父母以及目的地文化中的父母。文化适应是当代心理学中最突出的个体差异结构之一，理解父母的认知和实践对于理解育儿和文化适应至关重要。
