Katalambula L K, Meyer D N, Ngoma T, Buza J, Mpolya E, Mtumwa A H, Petrucka P
School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Department of Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Aug 16;17(1):659. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4679-8.
High blood pressure is increasing worldwide, disproportionately so in developing countries. Inadequate health care systems and adoption of unhealthy lifestyles have been linked to this emergent pattern. To better understand this trend, it is imperative we measure prevalence of hypertension, and examine specific risk factors, at a local level. This study provides a cross-sectional view of urban residents of Arusha City to determine prevalence and associated risk factors.
Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Interviews were conducted using the WHO STEPwise survey questionnaire to assess lifestyle factors. Dietary intake information was collected by a standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic characteristics. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Pearson's Chi Square (χ ) tests were used to determine significant risk factors for hypertension, and multivariate log binomial regression was used to reveal potential predictors of hypertension. Dietary patterns were analyzed by principal component analysis.
Approximately 45% of the study population was found to be hypertensive. The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of the sample was 102.3 mmHg (SD = 18.3). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 136.3 (SD = 30.5) and 85.3 (SD = 16.1) mmHg, respectively. Through multivariate analysis, age and body mass index were found to be independently, positively, associated with hypertension. Adherence to 'healthy' dietary pattern was negatively independently associated with hypertension.
With nearly half of participants being hypertensive, this study suggests that hypertension is a significant health risk in Arusha, Tanzania. Obesity, healthy diet, and age were found to be positively associated with hypertension risk. This study did not establish any significant association between increased blood pressure and Western-dietary pattern, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activities.
高血压在全球范围内呈上升趋势，在发展中国家尤为明显。医疗保健系统不完善以及不健康生活方式的采用与这种新出现的模式有关。为了更好地理解这一趋势，我们必须在地方层面测量高血压患病率，并检查特定的风险因素。本研究提供了阿鲁沙市城市居民的横断面视图，以确定患病率及相关风险因素。
使用数字血压计测量血压。采用世界卫生组织逐步调查问卷调查进行访谈，以评估生活方式因素。通过标准化食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集饮食摄入信息。使用描述性统计分析人口统计学特征。计算连续变量的均值和标准差以及分类变量的百分比。使用Pearson卡方（χ²）检验确定高血压的显著风险因素，并使用多变量对数二项回归揭示高血压的潜在预测因素。通过主成分分析分析饮食模式。
发现约45%的研究人群患有高血压。样本的平均动脉血压（MABP）为102.3 mmHg（标准差=18.3）。平均收缩压和舒张压分别为136.3（标准差=30.5）和85.3（标准差=16.1）mmHg。通过多变量分析，发现年龄和体重指数与高血压独立正相关。坚持“健康”饮食模式与高血压独立负相关。
由于近一半的参与者患有高血压，本研究表明高血压是坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙的一个重大健康风险。发现肥胖、健康饮食和年龄与高血压风险呈正相关。本研究未发现血压升高与西方饮食模式、吸烟、饮酒和体育活动之间存在任何显著关联
