Elizabeth Kim B K, Gilman Amanda B, Hill Karl G, Hawkins J David
University of California, Berkeley, School of Social Welfare, University of Washington.
Washington State Center for Court Research, University of Washington.
J Crim Justice. 2016 Jun;45:19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.015. Epub 2016 Feb 28.
This paper examined proximal and distal effects of protective factors specified in the social development model (SDM) on youth violence among high-risk youth.
Data come from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal study of development from childhood into adulthood. A community sample of 808 participants from the Seattle Public School District was surveyed from the 5th grade through adulthood. This paper uses data from participants' adolescent years, ages 10-18.
Higher levels of protective factors in early and middle adolescence reduced the odds of violence during late adolescence in the full sample and in two different risk groups (high cumulative risk and low SES). Although risk exposure increased the odds of violence, protective factors in middle adolescence predicted lower odds of violence during late adolescence. Importantly, protective factors had a greater effect in reducing violence among youth exposed to high levels of cumulative risk than among youth exposed to lower levels of cumulative risk. This difference was not observed between youth from higher and lower SES families.
Protective factors specified in the SDM appear to reduce violence in late adolescence even among youth from low SES families and youth exposed to high levels of cumulative risk.
本文探讨了社会发展模型（SDM）中所明确的保护因素对高危青少年暴力行为的近端和远端影响。
数据来自西雅图社会发展项目，这是一项从童年到成年期的纵向发展研究。对来自西雅图公立学区的808名参与者组成的社区样本从五年级到成年期进行了调查。本文使用了参与者10至18岁青少年时期的数据。
在整个样本以及两个不同风险组（高累积风险组和低社会经济地位组）中，青少年早期和中期较高水平的保护因素降低了青少年晚期暴力行为的几率。尽管暴露于风险会增加暴力行为的几率，但青少年中期的保护因素预示着青少年晚期暴力行为的几率较低。重要的是，与暴露于较低累积风险水平的青少年相比，保护因素在减少暴露于高水平累积风险的青少年暴力行为方面具有更大的作用。在社会经济地位较高和较低家庭的青少年之间未观察到这种差异。
社会发展模型中所明确的保护因素似乎能减少青少年晚期的暴力行为，即使是来自低社会经济地位家庭以及暴露于高水平累积风险的青少年。
