Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Francesc de Borja, 46702 Gandía, Valencia, Spain.
Nutrients. 2017 Nov 27;9(12):1293. doi: 10.3390/nu9121293.
An abnormal colonization pattern of the preterm gut may affect immune maturation and exert a long-term influence on the intestinal bacterial composition and host health. However, follow-up studies assessing the evolution of the fecal microbiota of infants that were born preterm are very scarce. In this work, the bacterial compositions of fecal samples, obtained from sixteen 2-year-old infants were evaluated using a phylogenetic microarray; subsequently, the results were compared with those obtained in a previous study from samples of meconium and feces collected from the same infants while they stayed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In parallel, the concentration of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and immunoglobulins were determined in meconium and fecal samples. Globally, a higher bacterial diversity and a lower interindividual variability were observed in 2-year-olds' feces, when compared to the samples obtained during their first days of life. Hospital-associated fecal bacteria, that were dominant during the NICU stay, seemed to be replaced, two years later, by genera, which are usually predominant in the healthy adult microbiome. The immune profile of the meconium and fecal samples differed, depending on the sampling time, showing different immune maturation statuses of the gut.
早产儿肠道的异常定植模式可能会影响免疫成熟，并对肠道细菌组成和宿主健康产生长期影响。然而，评估早产儿婴儿粪便微生物群演变的后续研究非常稀缺。在这项工作中，使用系统发生微阵列评估了 16 名 2 岁婴儿的粪便样本中的细菌组成，随后将结果与在新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU) 收集的同一婴儿的胎粪和粪便样本的先前研究结果进行比较。同时，还测定了胎粪和粪便样本中多种细胞因子、趋化因子、生长因子和免疫球蛋白的浓度。与婴儿生命的最初几天获得的样本相比，2 岁婴儿的粪便中观察到更高的细菌多样性和更低的个体间变异性。在 NICU 住院期间占优势的与医院相关的粪便细菌，似乎在两年后被通常在健康成人微生物组中占优势的属所取代。胎粪和粪便样本的免疫谱因采样时间而异，显示出肠道的不同免疫成熟状态。
