Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6601-6636. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
脑光生物调节（PBM）疗法使用红色到近红外（NIR）光，是治疗广泛的神经和心理疾病的创新方法。红色/NIR 光能够刺激线粒体呼吸链复合物 IV（细胞色素 c 氧化酶）并增加 ATP 合成。此外，离子通道的光吸收导致 Ca 释放，从而激活转录因子和基因表达。脑 PBM 疗法增强神经元的代谢能力，并刺激抗炎、抗凋亡和抗氧化反应，以及神经发生和突触发生。它在痴呆和帕金森病等疾病中的治疗作用，以及治疗中风、脑创伤和抑郁症的作用引起了越来越多的关注。在经颅 PBM 方法中，由于光在组织中的穿透呈指数衰减，因此输送足够剂量以达到最佳刺激是具有挑战性的。已经提出了替代方法，如颅内和鼻内光输送方法，以克服这一限制。本文综述了脑 PBM 疗法的临床前和临床疗效的最新证据。
