Jelihovschi Ana P G, Cardoso Ricardo L, Linhares Alexandre
Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2018 Jan 12;8:2324. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02324. eCollection 2017.
Impulsivity may lead to several unfortunate consequences and maladaptive behaviors for both clinical and nonclinical people. It has a key role in many forms of psychopathology. Although literature has discussed the negative impact of impulsivity, few have emphasized the relationship between cognitive impulsiveness and decision making. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive impulsiveness on decision making and explore the strategies used by participants to solve problems. For this purpose, we apply two measures of impulsivity: the self-report Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the performance based Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT). Moreover, we evaluate participants' reasoning processes employed to answer CRT questions based on the calculation expressions, data organization, and erasures they made while answering the CRT (note that we utilized the instruments using pen and paper). These reasoning processes are related to the role of executive functions in decision making, and its relationship with impulsiveness. The sample consists of 191 adults, who were either professionals or undergraduate students from the fields of business, management, or accounting. The results show that cognitive impulsiveness may negatively affect decision making, and that those who presented the calculation to answer the CRT questions made better decisions. Moreover, there was no difference in the strategies used by impulsive vs. nonimpulsive participants during decision making. Finally, people who inhibited their immediate answers to CRT questions performed better during decision making.
冲动性可能会给临床和非临床人群带来一些不幸的后果及适应不良行为。它在多种心理病理学形式中都起着关键作用。尽管已有文献探讨了冲动性的负面影响，但很少有人强调认知冲动性与决策之间的关系。本研究的目的是调查认知冲动性对决策的影响，并探索参与者用于解决问题的策略。为此，我们采用了两种冲动性测量方法：自我报告的巴拉特冲动性量表（BIS - 11）和基于表现的认知反思测试（CRT）。此外，我们根据参与者在回答CRT问题时所做的计算表达式、数据整理和涂改情况（请注意，我们使用纸笔工具）来评估他们回答CRT问题时所采用的推理过程。这些推理过程与执行功能在决策中的作用及其与冲动性的关系有关。样本包括191名成年人，他们要么是专业人士，要么是来自商业、管理或会计领域的本科生。结果表明，认知冲动性可能会对决策产生负面影响，并且那些通过计算来回答CRT问题的人做出了更好的决策。此外，冲动型与非冲动型参与者在决策过程中使用的策略没有差异。最后，那些抑制对CRT问题立即作答的人在决策过程中表现得更好。
