Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018 Apr;80:137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.01.035. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The aim of this study was to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder from fish waste. The powder was characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ion exchange chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and plasma emission spectrometry. The cyto- and genotoxicity was carried out to demonstrate biocompatibility in vivo by means of rat subcutaneous tissue test. The results showed that the visible crystalline nature of typical apatite crystal structure when they were calcined at 800 °C. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed similar composition to HAP standard with the presence of carbonate ion demonstrated by wave number values of 871 cm and 1420 cm for calcinations at 800 °C. The scanning electronmicrographies depicted the crystal morphology and porous nature with average pore size of ~10 µm. Plasma emission spectrometry and ion exchange chromatography confirmed the presence of Ca and P in the samples. The mean of calcium content was 36.8; Mg was 0.8, Na was 0.7 and K was 0.5. Rat subcutaneous tissue test revealed that HAP presented biocompatibility. Furthermore, the lack of cyto- and genotoxicity in blood, liver, kidney and lung were noticed after 30 days of HAP implantation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that HAP from fish waste exhibits a great potential for using as biomaterial since is represents a simple, effective, low-cost process and satisfactory degree of biocompatibility.
本研究旨在从鱼废弃物中合成羟基磷灰石（HAP）粉末。采用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、离子交换色谱、扫描电子显微镜和等离子体发射光谱对粉末进行了表征。通过大鼠皮下组织试验进行细胞毒性和遗传毒性检测，以证明其体内的生物相容性。结果表明，当在 800°C 下煅烧时，具有典型磷灰石晶体结构的可见结晶性质。红外光谱分析表明，与 HAP 标准具有相似的组成，存在碳酸根离子，波数值为 871 cm 和 1420 cm。扫描电子显微镜描绘了晶体形态和多孔性质，平均孔径约为 10 µm。等离子体发射光谱和离子交换色谱证实了样品中存在 Ca 和 P。钙含量的平均值为 36.8；Mg 为 0.8，Na 为 0.7，K 为 0.5。大鼠皮下组织试验表明 HAP 具有生物相容性。此外，在植入 HAP 30 天后，血液、肝脏、肾脏和肺中均未观察到细胞毒性和遗传毒性。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，鱼废弃物来源的 HAP 具有作为生物材料的巨大潜力，因为它代表了一种简单、有效、低成本的工艺，且具有令人满意的生物相容性。
