Jacob Jaicy, More Namdev, Kalia Kiran, Kapusetti Govinda
Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India.
Inflamm Regen. 2018 Feb 27;38:2. doi: 10.1186/s41232-018-0059-8. eCollection 2018.
Tissues like bone and cartilage are remodeled dynamically for their functional requirements by signaling pathways. The signals are controlled by the cells and extracellular matrix and transmitted through an electrical and chemical synapse. Scaffold-based tissue engineering therapies largely disturb the natural signaling pathways, due to their rigidity towards signal conduction, despite their therapeutic advantages. Thus, there is a high need of smart biomaterials, which can conveniently generate and transfer the bioelectric signals analogous to native tissues for appropriate physiological functions. Piezoelectric materials can generate electrical signals in response to the applied stress. Furthermore, they can stimulate the signaling pathways and thereby enhance the tissue regeneration at the impaired site. The piezoelectric scaffolds can act as sensitive mechanoelectrical transduction systems. Hence, it is applicable to the regions, where mechanical loads are predominant. The present review is mainly concentrated on the mechanism related to the electrical stimulation in a biological system and the different piezoelectric materials suitable for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
像骨骼和软骨这样的组织会根据其功能需求，通过信号通路进行动态重塑。这些信号由细胞和细胞外基质控制，并通过电突触和化学突触进行传递。尽管基于支架的组织工程疗法具有治疗优势，但由于其对信号传导的刚性，在很大程度上扰乱了天然信号通路。因此，迫切需要智能生物材料，它们能够方便地产生并传递类似于天然组织的生物电信号，以实现适当的生理功能。压电材料能够响应施加的应力而产生电信号。此外，它们可以刺激信号通路，从而增强受损部位的组织再生。压电支架可以作为敏感的机电转换系统。因此，它适用于机械负荷占主导的区域。本综述主要集中在生物系统中与电刺激相关的机制以及适用于骨和软骨组织工程的不同压电材料。
