Singh Deepika, Chaudhuri Prabir Kumar
Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India.
Integr Med Res. 2018 Mar;7(1):33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.003. Epub 2018 Feb 3.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, accounting about 31% deaths globally in 2012. The major risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases are coronary atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The dominating cause of cardiovascular diseases is accredited to our modern lifestyle and diet. Medicinal plants have been used for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from centuries. The chirality and chemical space of natural products have been playing an important role in providing leads and templates for pharmacophore synthesis. This review highlights one of the important naturally occurring class saponins and their role in cardioprotection along with structural characteristics and pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, Ca ion regulation, antiapoptotic, antiatherosclerosis, antihyperlipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, angiogenic, vasodilatory, and hypotensive. The characteristic cholesterol lowering, hemolytic, and anticoagulant properties of the saponins prompted us to select as one of the natural products class for cardioprotection. This review covers the most updated information on saponins related to their cardioprotective effects, mechanism of action, bioavailability, and structure activity relationship.
心血管疾病是主要的死亡原因，2012年在全球约占死亡人数的31%。引发心血管疾病的主要风险因素是冠状动脉粥样硬化、高脂血症、心肌梗死和中风。心血管疾病的主要成因被认为与我们现代的生活方式和饮食有关。几个世纪以来，药用植物一直被用于预防和治疗心血管疾病。天然产物的手性和化学空间在为药效团合成提供线索和模板方面发挥着重要作用。本综述重点介绍了一类重要的天然皂苷及其在心脏保护中的作用，以及其结构特征和药理作用，如抗氧化、钙离子调节、抗凋亡、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗高脂血症、降胆固醇、血管生成、血管舒张和降压作用。皂苷具有降胆固醇、溶血和抗凝的特性，促使我们将其选为具有心脏保护作用的天然产物类别之一。本综述涵盖了皂苷在心脏保护作用、作用机制、生物利用度和构效关系方面的最新信息。
