Döring Anna-Katharina, Junginger Johannes, Hewicker-Trautwein Marion
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2018 Feb;196:5-13. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.12.006. Epub 2017 Dec 9.
The majority of dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments (crCLs) have inflammatory changes of the stifle joint suggesting that synovitis is an important factor which is involved in the development of degenerative ligament changes. Detailed information is not available concerning the possible occurrence of inflammatory changes in the stifle joint synovium of dogs with macroscopically intact crCLs and its correlation with presence and severity of degenerative changes of the crCLs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine post mortem tissue samples of 56 dogs with non-ruptured crCLs histologically for the presence of inflammatory and degenerative changes of the stifle joint synovium and cruciate ligaments, respectively. In 25/56 (44.6%) dogs, histology showed that both lymphoplasmacytic synovitis and degenerative alterations of the crCLs were present. In these dogs, there was a significant positive statistical correlation between the severity of synovitis and degenerative crCL lesions. The results suggest that synovitis in the stifle joints of dogs with non-ruptured crCLs is a frequent event and probably is involved in the development of degenerative lesions occurring in canine crCLs. Also, the severity of crCL degeneration in these 25 dogs was significantly correlated with their age and body weight. In 2/56 (3.6%) cases, only lymphoplasmacytic synovitis was found in the absence of degenerative crCL lesions. In 15/56 (26.8%) dogs, only degenerative lesions of the crCLs without synovitis were present. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between the severity of degenerative alterations and age and body weight of these dogs. Phenotyping of inflammatory cells by immunohistochemistry showed that the synovium of dogs which histologically had lymphoplasmacytic synovitis was infiltrated with CD3+ T lymphocytes, CD79+ B lymphocytes, major histocompatibility class II antigen (MHC class II)+ cells and macrophages expressing CD163 or S100/A8/S100A9 (calprotectin), while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ cells were absent. Quantification and statistical evaluation of inflammatory cell types in the inflamed synovium revealed that the numbers of lymphocytic cells and macrophages were significantly correlated with the severity of synovitis. These findings indicate that, besides T and B lymphocytes, both pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages play a role in the development of degenerative crCL alterations.
大多数颅交叉韧带（crCL）断裂的犬只，其 stifle 关节存在炎症变化，这表明滑膜炎是导致韧带退行性改变的一个重要因素。关于 crCL 在宏观上完整的犬只的 stifle 关节滑膜中可能出现的炎症变化及其与 crCL 退行性改变的存在和严重程度之间的相关性，目前尚无详细信息。因此，本研究的目的是对 56 只 crCL 未断裂的犬只的死后组织样本进行组织学检查，分别观察 stifle 关节滑膜和交叉韧带的炎症及退行性变化。在 56 只犬中的 25 只（44.6%），组织学检查显示存在淋巴细胞性滑膜炎和 crCL 的退行性改变。在这些犬只中，滑膜炎的严重程度与 crCL 退行性病变之间存在显著的正相关。结果表明，crCL 未断裂的犬只的 stifle 关节滑膜炎是一种常见现象，可能与犬 crCL 中发生的退行性病变的发展有关。此外，这 25 只犬中 crCL 退变的严重程度与它们的年龄和体重显著相关。在 56 只犬中的 2 只（3.6%）病例中，在没有 crCL 退行性病变的情况下仅发现淋巴细胞性滑膜炎。在 56 只犬中的 15 只（26.8%）犬只中，仅存在 crCL 的退行性病变而无滑膜炎。统计学上，这些犬只的退行性改变的严重程度与年龄和体重之间存在显著相关性。通过免疫组织化学对炎症细胞进行表型分析表明，组织学上有淋巴细胞性滑膜炎的犬只的滑膜中浸润有 CD3⁺ T 淋巴细胞、CD79⁺ B 淋巴细胞、主要组织相容性复合体 II 类抗原（MHC II 类）⁺细胞以及表达 CD163 或 S100/A8/S100A9（钙卫蛋白）的巨噬细胞，而抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）⁺细胞不存在。对发炎滑膜中炎症细胞类型的定量和统计评估显示，淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的数量与滑膜炎的严重程度显著相关。这些发现表明，除了 T 和 B 淋巴细胞外，促炎和抗炎巨噬细胞在 crCL 退行性改变的发展中均起作用。
