Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, 8th Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University Sargent College, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Curr Obes Rep. 2018 Jun;7(2):172-185. doi: 10.1007/s13679-018-0308-9.
We review the underlying mechanisms and potential benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) from animal models and recent clinical trials.
Numerous variations of IF exist, and study protocols vary greatly in their interpretations of this weight loss trend. Most human IF studies result in minimal weight loss and marginal improvements in metabolic biomarkers, though outcomes vary. Some animal models have found that IF reduces oxidative stress, improves cognition, and delays aging. Additionally, IF has anti-inflammatory effects, promotes autophagy, and benefits the gut microbiome. The benefit-to-harm ratio varies by model, IF protocol, age at initiation, and duration. We provide an integrated perspective on potential benefits of IF as well as key areas for future investigation. In clinical trials, caloric restriction and IF result in similar degrees of weight loss and improvement in insulin sensitivity. Although these data suggest that IF may be a promising weight loss method, IF trials have been of moderate sample size and limited duration. More rigorous research is needed.
我们从动物模型和最近的临床试验中回顾了间歇性禁食（IF）的潜在机制和益处。
IF 有多种变化，研究方案在解释这种减肥趋势时差异很大。大多数人类 IF 研究导致体重减轻很少，代谢生物标志物的改善也很轻微，尽管结果有所不同。一些动物模型发现 IF 可降低氧化应激、改善认知并延缓衰老。此外，IF 具有抗炎作用、促进自噬并有益于肠道微生物组。模型、IF 方案、起始年龄和持续时间的不同，其获益与危害的比例也不同。我们提供了关于 IF 潜在益处的综合观点以及未来研究的关键领域。在临床试验中，热量限制和 IF 导致相似程度的体重减轻和胰岛素敏感性改善。尽管这些数据表明 IF 可能是一种有前途的减肥方法，但 IF 试验的样本量适中且持续时间有限。需要更严格的研究。
