叶酸及其对癌症风险的影响。
Folate and Its Impact on Cancer Risk.
机构信息
Department of Nutrition, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, 1331 East Wyoming Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19124, USA.
, RD, LLC 10645 N. Tatum Blvd., Suite 200, Mailbox 122, Phoenix, Arizona, 85028, USA.
出版信息
Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Sep;7(3):70-84. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0237-y.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Research has evaluated the potential impact of folate on cancer risk with conflicting findings. Studies have demonstrated increased risk, no effect, and decreased risk. This review summarizes findings of mixed results between folate intake, serum levels, gene polymorphisms, and cancer risk based on meta-analyses from the past five years.
RECENT FINDING
Low or deficient folate status is associated with increased risk of many cancers. Folic acid supplementation and higher serum levels are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Gene polymorphisms may impact risk in certain ethnic groups. Folate has been studied extensively due to its role in methylation and nucleotide synthesis. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify optimal levels for nutrient remediation and risk reduction in those at risk, as well as elucidate the association between high intake, high serum levels, and prostate cancer risk. Future considerations for cancer risk may include gene interactions with nutrients and environmental factors.
目的综述
关于叶酸对癌症风险影响的研究结果相互矛盾。一些研究表明叶酸摄入增加会增加风险，而另一些研究则表明叶酸摄入与风险无关或降低风险。本综述总结了过去五年基于荟萃分析的关于叶酸摄入、血清水平、基因多态性与癌症风险之间关系的研究结果，这些研究结果既有阳性结果，也有阴性结果。
最新发现
叶酸水平低或缺乏与多种癌症风险增加有关。叶酸补充剂和较高的血清水平与前列腺癌风险增加有关。基因多态性可能会影响特定种族的风险。由于叶酸在甲基化和核苷酸合成中的作用，它已被广泛研究。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来阐明在高危人群中进行营养修复和降低风险的最佳水平，以及阐明高摄入量、高血清水平与前列腺癌风险之间的关系。未来在考虑癌症风险时可能还需要考虑基因与营养素和环境因素的相互作用。
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