Lestari Kusuma S, Humairo Mika Vernicia, Agustina Ukik
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
J Environ Public Health. 2018 Jul 11;2018:9013430. doi: 10.1155/2018/9013430. eCollection 2018.
Electronic cigarettes regulation in Indonesia has not been set yet. In the last 4 years the electronic cigarettes have been widely distributed and used in Indonesia. Electronic cigarettes contain nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerol, liquid flavors, etc. All ingredients produce vapor when heated. Vapor and particles from electronic cigarettes affect the human health. Formaldehyde is known as a product of propylene glycol and glycerol vapor degradation. Formaldehyde is one of the chemical agents categorized as carcinogen. The aim of the research was to analyze the identification of formaldehyde vapor concentration and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker. The research was conducted in Surabaya city, Indonesia, from October 2015 to December 2016. The research used cross-sectional approach. Sample was obtained by purposive sampling that fulfilled samples inclusion criteria. The variables were the onset of smoking electronic cigarettes, smoking frequency of electronic cigarettes, formaldehyde vapor concentration, cotinine urine, and health complaint of electronic cigarettes smoker. The result showed that formaldehyde concentration in six vapors varied while cotinine urine mostly was positive. It is suggested to educate people about hazard of electronic cigarettes and to conduct further research to identify chemical agent in electronic cigarettes.
印度尼西亚尚未制定电子烟监管规定。在过去四年里,电子烟在印度尼西亚广泛分销和使用。电子烟含有尼古丁、丙二醇、甘油、液体香料等。所有成分加热时都会产生蒸汽。电子烟产生的蒸汽和颗粒会影响人体健康。甲醛是丙二醇和甘油蒸汽降解的产物。甲醛是被归类为致癌物的化学制剂之一。该研究的目的是分析电子烟吸烟者甲醛蒸汽浓度的测定及健康投诉情况。该研究于2015年10月至2016年12月在印度尼西亚泗水市进行。该研究采用横断面研究方法。样本通过符合样本纳入标准的目的抽样获得。变量包括开始吸食电子烟的时间、电子烟的吸食频率、甲醛蒸汽浓度、尿可替宁以及电子烟吸烟者的健康投诉情况。结果显示,六种蒸汽中的甲醛浓度各不相同,而尿可替宁大多呈阳性。建议对人们进行电子烟危害的教育,并开展进一步研究以确定电子烟中的化学制剂。