Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.
Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Avenida Esperança S\N, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
J Transl Med. 2018 Aug 30;16(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1615-3.
Individuals with arterial hypertension often have an autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance with predominance of sympathetic ANS. This predominance can lead to injury of several organs affecting its functioning. There is evidence that performing high intensity resistance training (RT) with heavier loads and a lower number of repetitions results in lower cardiovascular stress when compared with lighter loads and a higher number of repetitions. However, the effects of different protocols of RT in autonomic modulation are not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze and compare the effects of different protocols of high intensity of effort RT on autonomic cardiac modulation of hypertensive women.
A randomized crossover design clinical trial was conducted with 15 postmenopausal hypertensive women who underwent a control session and two high intensity RT protocols involving 6 and 15 repetition maximum (RM). Heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were collected pre, immediately post, 1 h post, and 24 h post each protocol. Repeated-measures ANOVA were used.
SBP was higher for 6RM than control immediately after session (p < 0.05). There were no differences for DBP among protocols (p ≥ 0.05). HR was higher for 15RM than 6RM and control immediately after and 1 h after session (p ≤ 0.05). DP values for 15RM were significantly higher than 6RM and control immediately after the session and remained higher than control 1 h after session (p ≤ 0.05). The indices that compose HRV (rMSSD) were lower after 15RM than 6RM and control (p ≥ 0.05). The parameters of parasympathetic activity (HF) were decreased and sympathetic (LF) activity was increased for 15RM when compared to the 6RM and control session immediately after the exercise session (p ≤ 0.05).
Performing high intensity RT with lower loads and a higher number of repetitions seems to promote acute increases in sympathetic ANS activity, which may be related to cardiovascular stress. On the other hand, heavier load and lower repetition RT did not significantly impact upon autonomic modulation when compared to a control session.
患有动脉高血压的个体通常存在自主神经系统（ANS）失衡，表现为交感神经 ANS 占优势。这种优势可能导致多个器官受损，影响其功能。有证据表明，与较轻的负荷和较高的重复次数相比，进行高强度的阻力训练（RT）并使用较重的负荷和较低的重复次数会导致心血管压力降低。然而，不同 RT 方案对自主调节的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是分析和比较不同强度的 RT 方案对绝经后高血压女性自主心脏调节的影响。
对 15 名绝经后高血压女性进行随机交叉设计临床试验，她们接受了对照期和两种高强度 RT 方案的测试，分别涉及 6 次和 15 次重复最大（RM）。在每个方案之前、之后立即、1 小时后和 24 小时后收集心率变异性（HRV）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）和双乘积（DP）。采用重复测量方差分析。
与对照期相比，6RM 方案后 SBP 立即升高（p<0.05）。在方案之间，DBP 没有差异（p≥0.05）。与 6RM 和对照期相比，15RM 方案后 HR 立即升高，1 小时后升高（p≤0.05）。15RM 方案的 DP 值明显高于 6RM 和对照期，1 小时后仍高于对照期（p≤0.05）。与 6RM 和对照期相比，15RM 方案后组成 HRV 的指数（rMSSD）较低（p≥0.05）。与 6RM 和对照期相比，15RM 方案后即刻和运动后 1 小时，副交感神经活动（HF）参数降低，交感神经（LF）活动增加（p≤0.05）。
进行较低负荷和较高重复次数的高强度 RT 似乎会导致交感神经 ANS 活性的急性增加，这可能与心血管压力有关。另一方面，与对照期相比，较重负荷和较低重复 RT 对自主调节没有显著影响。
