膳食纤维摄入对降低癌症风险的益处：一项荟萃分析的伞形综述
The Benefits of Dietary Fiber Intake on Reducing the Risk of Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses.
作者信息
McRae Marc P
机构信息
Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois.
出版信息
J Chiropr Med. 2018 Jun;17(2):90-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.12.001. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on reducing the incidence of cancer.
METHODS
An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980 to June 30, 2017 was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR fibre) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review) AND (cancer OR carcinoma). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on cancer were retrieved.
RESULTS
Nineteen meta-analyses comparing highest vs lowest dietary fiber intake were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.52-0.88); however, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analyses on esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. There was a statistically significant reduction in the RR of breast cancer (RR = 0.85-0.93).
CONCLUSION
This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing colorectal cancer, and there also appears to be a small reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.
目的
本研究旨在回顾先前发表的关于膳食纤维降低癌症发病率有效性的荟萃分析。
方法
对所有已发表的荟萃分析进行了一项综合评价。使用以下检索策略在1980年1月1日至2017年6月30日期间进行了PubMed检索：（纤维或纤维素）且（荟萃分析或系统评价）且（癌症或癌）。仅检索了提供癌症定量统计分析的英文出版物。
结果
检索到19项比较膳食纤维摄入量最高与最低的荟萃分析纳入本综合评价。结直肠癌、食管癌、胃癌和胰腺癌的相对风险（RR）有统计学显著降低（RR = 0.52 - 0.88）；然而，在食管癌、胃癌和胰腺癌的荟萃分析中观察到有统计学显著的异质性。乳腺癌的RR有统计学显著降低（RR = 0.85 - 0.93）。
结论
本综述表明，摄入膳食纤维量最高的人群可能会因结直肠癌发病率降低而受益，乳腺癌发病率似乎也有小幅降低。
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