Li Na, Huang Shimeng, Jiang Lili, Wang Wei, Li Tiantian, Zuo Bin, Li Zhen, Wang Junjun
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Sep 7;9:1798. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01798. eCollection 2018.
Low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets are at a high-risk for postnatal growth failure, mortality, and metabolic disorders later in life. Early-life microbial exposure is a potentially effective intervention strategy for modulating the health and metabolism of the host. Yet, it has not been well elucidated whether the gut microbiota development in LBW piglets is different from their normal littermates and its possible association with metabolite profiles. In the current study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics was used to investigate differences in the fecal microbiota and metabolites between LBW and normal piglets during early-life, including day 3 (D3), 7 (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21, before weaning), and 35 (D35, after birth). Compared to their normal littermates, LBW piglets harbored low proportions of on D3, on D7, , , and on D21, as well as on D21 and D35. However, the abundance of on D7 and D21, on D14 and D35, and on D14 and D21, and on D21 was significantly higher in LBW piglets when compared with normal piglets. The results of the metabolomics analysis suggested that LBW significantly affected fecal metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism (e.g., linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid), amino acid metabolism (e.g., valine, phenylalanine, and glutamic acid), as well as bile acid biosynthesis (e.g., glycocholic acid, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and chenodeoxycholic acid). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between and N1-acetylspermine on D7, and linoleic acid on D14, and chenodeoxycholic acid on D21, and and phenylalanine on D35, respectively. Collectively, LBW piglets have a different gut bacterial community structure when compared with normal-birth-weight (NBW) piglets during early-life, especially from 7 to 21 days of age. Also, a distinctive metabolic status in LBW piglets might be partly associated with the altered intestinal microbiota. These findings may further elucidate the factors potentially associated with the impaired growth and development of LBW piglets and facilitate the development of nutritional interventions.
低出生体重（LBW）仔猪出生后生长发育不良、死亡率高，且日后生活中易出现代谢紊乱。早期接触微生物是调节宿主健康和代谢的一种潜在有效干预策略。然而，LBW仔猪的肠道微生物群发育是否与其正常同窝仔猪不同，以及其与代谢物谱的可能关联，目前尚未完全阐明。在本研究中，采用16S rRNA基因测序和代谢组学方法，研究了LBW仔猪和正常仔猪在出生后第3天（D3）、第7天（D7）、第14天（D14）、第21天（D21，断奶前）和第35天（D35，出生后）早期粪便微生物群和代谢物的差异。与正常同窝仔猪相比，LBW仔猪在D3时某些菌的比例较低，D7时某些菌的比例较低，D21时某些菌的比例较低，以及D21和D35时某些菌的比例较低。然而，与正常仔猪相比，LBW仔猪在D7和D21时某些菌的丰度显著更高，D14和D35时某些菌的丰度显著更高，D14和D21时某些菌的丰度显著更高，以及D21时某些菌的丰度显著更高。代谢组学分析结果表明LBW显著影响参与脂肪酸代谢（如亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和花生四烯酸）、氨基酸代谢（如缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸和谷氨酸）以及胆汁酸生物合成（如甘氨胆酸、25-羟基胆固醇和鹅去氧胆酸）的粪便代谢物。Spearman相关性分析分别揭示了D7时某菌与N1-乙酰精胺、D14时某菌与亚油酸、D21时某菌与鹅去氧胆酸以及D35时某菌与苯丙氨酸之间存在显著负相关。总体而言，与正常出生体重（NBW）仔猪相比，LBW仔猪在早期，尤其是7至21日龄时，肠道细菌群落结构不同。此外，LBW仔猪独特的代谢状态可能部分与肠道微生物群的改变有关。这些发现可能进一步阐明与LBW仔猪生长发育受损潜在相关的因素，并促进营养干预措施的开发。
