Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77483, USA.
Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800, Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2019 Jan;8(1):e1801137. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201801137. Epub 2018 Oct 25.
MXene nanosheets have emerged as biocompatible transition metal structures, which illustrate desirable performance for various applications due to their unique structural, physicochemical, and compositional features. MXenes are currently expanding their usage territory from mechanical, optical, chemical, and electronic fields toward biomedical areas. This is mainly originated from their large surface area and strong absorbance in near-infrared region, which in combination with their facile surface functionalization with various polymers or nanoparticles, make them promising nanoplatforms for drug delivery, cancer therapy, precise biosensing and bioimaging. The facile surface modification of the MXenes can mediate the better in vivo performance of them through reduced toxicity, enhanced colloidal stability, and extended circulation within the body. Herein, the synthesis and state-of-the-art progresses of MXene nanosheets designed for biomedical applications, including structural- and dose-dependent antimicrobial activity, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and implants are emphasized. Furthermore, biosensing applications are highlighted and a comprehensive discussion on photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography imaging, and optical imaging of MXenes is presented. The challenges and future opportunities of applying MXene nanomaterials in the area of biomedicine are also discussed.
MXene 纳米片作为生物兼容的过渡金属结构，由于其独特的结构、物理化学和组成特性，在各种应用中表现出理想的性能。MXenes 目前正在将其应用领域从机械、光学、化学和电子领域扩展到生物医学领域。这主要源于它们在近红外区域的大表面积和强吸收率，以及与各种聚合物或纳米颗粒进行简便的表面功能化，使它们成为用于药物输送、癌症治疗、精确生物传感和生物成像的有前途的纳米平台。MXenes 的表面易于修饰，可以通过降低毒性、增强胶体稳定性和延长在体内的循环时间来改善其体内性能。本文重点介绍了为生物医学应用设计的 MXene 纳米片的合成和最新进展，包括结构和剂量依赖性抗菌活性、光热治疗、药物输送和植入物。此外，还强调了生物传感应用，并全面讨论了 MXenes 的光声成像、磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描成像和光学成像。还讨论了在生物医学领域应用 MXene 纳米材料的挑战和未来机遇。
