School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 25;19(11):3330. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113330.
At present, living cells are widely used in cell transplantation and tissue engineering. Many efforts have been made aiming towards the use of a large number of living cells with high activity and integrated functionality. Currently, cryopreservation has become well-established and is effective for the long-term storage of cells. However, it is still a major challenge to inhibit cell damage, such as from solution injury, ice injury, recrystallization and osmotic injury during the thawing process, and the cytotoxicity of cryoprotectants. Hence, this review focused on different novel gel cryopreservation systems. Natural polymer hydrogel cryopreservation, the synthetic polymer hydrogel cryopreservation system and the supramolecular hydrogel cryopreservation system were presented, respectively. Due to the unique three-dimensional network structure of the hydrogel, these hydrogel cryopreservation systems have the advantages of excellent biocompatibility for natural polymer hydrogel cryopreservation systems, designability for synthetic polymer hydrogel cryopreservation systems, and versatility for supramolecular hydrogel cryopreservation systems. To some extent, the different hydrogel cryopreservation methods can confine ice crystal growth and decrease the change rates of osmotic shock in cell encapsulation systems. It is notable that the cryopreservation of complex cells and tissues is demanded in future clinical research and therapy, and depends on the linkage of different methods.
目前，活细胞被广泛应用于细胞移植和组织工程中。为了实现大量具有高活性和集成功能的活细胞的应用，已经做出了许多努力。目前，冷冻保存已经成熟，并可有效地长期储存细胞。然而，在解冻过程中抑制细胞损伤，如溶液损伤、冰损伤、重结晶和渗透损伤，以及冷冻保护剂的细胞毒性，仍然是一个主要挑战。因此，本综述重点介绍了不同的新型凝胶冷冻保存系统。分别介绍了天然聚合物水凝胶冷冻保存、合成聚合物水凝胶冷冻保存系统和超分子水凝胶冷冻保存系统。由于水凝胶具有独特的三维网络结构，这些水凝胶冷冻保存系统具有天然聚合物水凝胶冷冻保存系统的优异生物相容性、合成聚合物水凝胶冷冻保存系统的设计性和超分子水凝胶冷冻保存系统的多功能性。在某种程度上，不同的水凝胶冷冻保存方法可以限制冰晶的生长，并降低细胞包封系统中渗透压冲击的变化率。值得注意的是，未来的临床研究和治疗需要复杂细胞和组织的冷冻保存，这取决于不同方法的结合。
